API级别24中不推荐使用ApplicationTestCase [英] ApplicationTestCase deprecated in API level 24

问题描述

我使用 API 24 在 Android Studio 2.1.2 上创建了一个默认的空项目.在示例项目中，Google提供了一个已贬值的类 ApplicationTestCase :

I created a default empty project on Android Studio 2.1.2 with API 24. In the sample project, Google offers a depreciated class ApplicationTestCase:

该类已在API级别24中弃用.使用ActivityTestRule 反而.新测试应使用Android测试支持编写 图书馆.

This class was deprecated in API level 24. Use ActivityTestRule instead. New tests should be written using the Android Testing Support Library.

示例:

import android.app.Application;
import android.test.ApplicationTestCase;

/**
 * <a href="http://d.android.com/tools/testing/testing_android.html">Testing Fundamentals</a>
 */
public class ApplicationTest extends ApplicationTestCase<Application> {
    public ApplicationTest() {
        super(Application.class);
    }
}

我的问题:为什么现在不推荐使用Android测试用例?如何用ActivityTestRule替换ApplicationTestCase?

My Question: Why Android Test Case is now deprecated? How to replace ApplicationTestCase by ActivityTestRule?

我尝试使用 Expresso ，但是在 API 24 (compileSdkVersion 24)上出现此错误:

I try with Expresso, but on API 24 (compileSdkVersion 24) I have this error:

Error:Conflict with dependency 'com.android.support:appcompat-v7'. Resolved versions for app (24.0.0) and test app (23.1.1) differ. See http://g.co/androidstudio/app-test-app-conflict for details.
Error:Conflict with dependency 'com.android.support:design'. Resolved versions for app (24.0.0) and test app (23.1.1) differ. See http://g.co/androidstudio/app-test-app-conflict for details.
Error:Conflict with dependency 'com.android.support:support-annotations'. Resolved versions for app (24.0.0) and test app (23.1.1) differ. See http://g.co/androidstudio/app-test-app-conflict for details.
Error:Conflict with dependency 'com.android.support:recyclerview-v7'. Resolved versions for app (24.0.0) and test app (23.1.1) differ. See http://g.co/androidstudio/app-test-app-conflict for details.

当我尝试在我的build.gradle中添加此库时:

When I try to add this lib in my build.gradle:

// Android JUnit Runner
androidTestCompile 'com.android.support.test:runner:0.5'
// JUnit4 Rules
androidTestCompile 'com.android.support.test:rules:0.5'
// Espresso core
androidTestCompile 'com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-core:2.2.2'
// Espresso-contrib for DatePicker, RecyclerView, Drawer actions, Accessibility checks, CountingIdlingResource
androidTestCompile 'com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-contrib:2.2.2'
// Espresso-web for WebView support
androidTestCompile 'com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-web:2.2.2'
// Espresso-idling-resource for synchronization with background jobs
androidTestCompile 'com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-idling-resource:2.2.2'

我的结论是，目前 Android测试用例和 Expresso 均不适用于 Android API 24 .是这样吗?

My conclusion is that for the moment neither Android Test Case nor Expresso works on Android API 24. Is this right?

---

2016-08-05

我这样修复了 Expresso 上的先前错误:

I fix previous error on Expresso like that:

def espressoVersion = '2.2.2'
def testRunnerVersion = '0.5'
androidTestCompile "com.android.support.test:rules:${testRunnerVersion}"
androidTestCompile "com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-core:${espressoVersion}"
configurations.androidTestCompile.dependencies.each { androidTestCompileDependency ->
    androidTestCompileDependency.exclude group: 'com.android.support'
}

推荐答案

Android Studio 2.2测试版生成的新 androidTest 示例如下:

The new androidTest example that the beta version of Android Studio 2.2 generates, look like this:

@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)
public class ExampleInstrumentedTest {
    @Test
    public void useAppContext() throws Exception {
        // Context of the app under test.
        Context appContext = InstrumentationRegistry.getTargetContext();

        assertEquals("org.mypackage", appContext.getPackageName());
    }
}

就像弃用警告所暗示的那样，新的仪器测试应使用InstrumentationRegistry而不是从AndroidTestCase扩展.用AndroidJUnit4运行它们.

Just like the deprecation warning suggests, the new instrumentation tests should use InstrumentationRegistry instead of extending from AndroidTestCase. Run them with AndroidJUnit4.

build.gradle中相关的dependencies部分如下所示:

The relevant dependencies section in build.gradle looks like this:

androidTestCompile('com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-core:2.2.2', {
    exclude group: 'com.android.support', module: 'support-annotations'
})

这篇关于API级别24中不推荐使用ApplicationTestCase的文章就介绍到这了，希望我们推荐的答案对大家有所帮助，也希望大家多多支持IT屋！