焦油:创建档案排除除一个目录 [英] Tar: create archive exclude directories except one

问题描述

我有一些带有文件的目录

I have some directories with some files

dir_archive/somedir1
dir_archive/somedir2
dir_archive/somedir3
dir_archive/mydir
dir_archive/mydir/excludedir1
dir_archive/mydir/excludedir2
dir_archive/mydir/excludedir3
dir_archive/mydir/many_other_directories...
dir_archive/mydir/my_archive_dir

我要创建tar(gz)存档dir_archive.tar.gz，并排除所有文件和目录

I want create tar(gz) archive dir_archive.tar.gz with all files and directories exclude

dir_archive/mydir/excludedir1
dir_archive/mydir/excludedir2
dir_archive/mydir/excludedir3
dir_archive/mydir/many_other_directories...

但包含

dir_archive/mydir/my_archive_dir

我不想为每个目录使用--exclude

I dont want use --exclude for each directory

tar cvfz dir_archive.tar.gz --exclude=dir_archive/mydir/excludedir1 --exclude=dir_archive/mydir/excludedir2 --exclude=dir_archive/mydir/excludedir3

我尝试使用--add-file，但是不起作用:

I try use --add-file, but it doesn't work:

tar cvfz dir_archive.tar.gz --exclude=dir_archive/mydir --add-file=dir_archive/mydir/my_archive_dir dir_archive

存在一些简单的方法吗?谢谢

Exists some simple way? Thanks

推荐答案

一种方法是首先排除mydir，然后附加my_archive_dir

One way would be first excluding the mydir and then appending the my_archive_dir

tar cvf dir_archive.tar --exclude=dir_archive/mydir dir_archive
tar rvf dir_archive.tar dir_archive/mydir/my_archive_dir
gzip dir_archive.tar

不幸的是，附加功能不适用于压缩存档.

Unfortunately appending doesn't work with zipped archives.

--exclude选项采用模式作为参数，因此，如果要排除的目录名称相似，则可以避免使用它们，并且仍包含存档目录

The --exclude option takes a pattern as argument, so if the names of the dirs to be excluded are similar, you can avoid them and still include the archive dir

tar cvfz dir_archive.tar.gz --exclude=dir_archive/mydir/exclude* dir_archive

还可以创建一个文件，其中包含要包含的所有文件的名称，然后使用选项-T或--files-from将该列表提供给tar(或以类似的方式列出要排除的文件，并提供列表，其中包含选项-X).

It is also possible to create a file with names of all the files that you want included and give that list to tar with option -T or --files-from (or in similar fashion list the files to be excluded and give the list with option -X).

filelist.txt:
dir_archive
dir_archive/temp1
dir_archive/mydir
dir_archive/mydir/temp2
dir_archive/mydir/my_archive_dir
dir_archive/mydir/my_archive_dir/temp7

tar cvfz dir_archive.tar.gz --no-recursion --files-from filelist.txt

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