调试时模拟argparse命令行参数输入 [英] Simulating argparse command line arguments input while debugging

问题描述

此线程是先前版本的扩展，可以在此处找到. 说，我有一个用于两个目的的代码:1)从整数列表中打印一个最大数； 2)制作一个新目录.

This thread is an extension from the previous that can be found here. Say, I have a code that serve two purpose, 1) print a max number from a list of integer; 2) make a new dir.

import argparse
import os

parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
parser.add_argument('integers', metavar='N', type=int, nargs='+',
                    help='an integer for the accumulator')

parser.add_argument('--sum', dest='accumulate', action='store_const',
                    const=sum, default=sum,
                    help='sum the integers (default: find the max)')

parser.add_argument("--output_dir", type=str, default="data/xx")

def main(args):
    os.makedirs(args.output_dir)
    print args.accumulate(args.integers)

if __name__=='__main__':
    args = parser.parse_args()  # Disable during debugging @ Run through terminal
    # args = argparse.Namespace(integers = 1, output_dir= 'mydata_223ss32')  # Disable when run through terminal: For debugging process
    main(args)

这些语句可以通过以下方式从终端执行:

These statement can be executed from terminal by

python test_file.py --output_dir data/xxxx 2 2 5 --sum

但是，对于调试过程，我想跳过终端的使用. hpaulj 的想法可以在

However, for debugging process, I want to skip the usage of terminal. The idea by hpaulj as can be found from here was simply modify the

if __name__=='__main__': 

进入

if __name__=='__main__':
    args = argparse.Namespace(output_dir= 'mydata')  # Disable when run through terminal: For debugging process
    main(args)

但是，我还想在调试过程中包括一个整数列表.如下所示同时包含整数和目录地址列表会输出错误

However, I also want to include a list of integer during the debugging process. Including both the list of integer and dir address as below output an error

args = argparse.Namespace(integers = "2 2 5", output_dir= 'mydata') 

我可以知道我在哪里做错了.

May I know where did I do wrong.

预先感谢

推荐答案

通过将代码稍微更改为:

By slightly changing your code to:

import argparse
import sys

parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
parser.add_argument('integers', metavar='N', type=int, nargs='+',
                    help='an integer for the accumulator')

parser.add_argument('--sum', dest='accumulate', action='store_const',
                    const=sum, default=sum,
                    help='sum the integers (default: find the max)')

parser.add_argument("--output_dir", type=str, default="data/xx")

def main(args):
    #os.makedirs(args.output_dir)              # XXX: Commented out for debugging
    print(args.accumulate(args.integers))

if __name__=='__main__':
    print(sys.argv)
    args = parser.parse_args()  # Disable during debugging @ Run through terminal
    # args = argparse.Namespace(integers = 1, output_dir= 'mydata_223ss32')  # Disable when run through terminal: For debugging process
    print(args)
    main(args)

我们可以看到，如果使用以下命令调用脚本:./test3.py --output_dir foo 1 2 3

We can see that if we call the script with: ./test3.py --output_dir foo 1 2 3

我们的输出是:

['test3.py', '--output_dir', 'foo', '1', '2', '3']
Namespace(accumulate=<built-in function sum>, integers=[1, 2, 3], output_dir='foo')
6

因此，如果要模拟命令行参数，则有两个选择:

So, if you want to emulate command line arguments, you have two options:

1)编辑sys.argv(个人首选):

1) Edit sys.argv (personally preferred):

if __name__=='__main__':
    # Override sys.argv
    sys.argv = ['test3.py', '--output_dir', 'foo', '1', '2', '3']
    args = parser.parse_args()
    main(args)

2)创建一个Namespace对象:

if __name__=='__main__':    
    #args = parser.parse_args()  # Disable during debugging @ Run through terminal
    args = argparse.Namespace(accumulate=sum, integers=[1,2,3], output_dir='foo')
    main(args)

第二种方法的问题有两个方面.首先，您将跳过调试过程中非常重要的部分，对argparse配置进行调试，并确保按预期方式对参数进行了解析.其次，必须在此处定义由argparse配置添加的隐式默认值(例如，--sum参数/accumulate).如果您采用第一种方法，则argparse将处理sys.argv并添加累加，而无需进行任何更改.在第二种方法中，我们必须添加accumulate=sum才能使其按预期运行.

The problem with the second approach is two-fold. First, you're skipping a very important part of the debugging process by doing this, debugging the argparse configuration and ensuring the arguments are parsed as you expect. Second, implicit defaults added by your argparse configuration must be defined here (e.g. your --sum argument/accumulate). If you took the first approach, argparse would process sys.argv and add accumulate without you having to make any changes. In the second approach, we have to add accumulate=sum for it to run as expected.

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