哪些寄存器要保存在ARM C调用约定中? [英] What registers to save in the ARM C calling convention?

问题描述

自从我上次编码手臂汇编程序以来已经有一段时间了，我对细节有些不了解.如果我从手臂调用C函数，则只需要担心保存r0-r3和lr，对吗?

It's been a while since I last coded arm assembler and I'm a little rusty on the details. If I call a C function from arm, I only have to worry about saving r0-r3 and lr, right?

如果C函数使用任何其他寄存器，是否负责将它们保存在堆栈中并进行恢复?换句话说，编译器将生成代码以针对C函数执行此操作.

If the C function uses any other registers, is it responsible for saving those on the stack and restoring them? In other words, the compiler would generate code to do this for C functions.

例如，如果我在汇编器函数中使用r10，则不必将其值压入堆栈或内存中，而不必在C调用后弹出/恢复它，对吗?

For example if I use r10 in an assembler function, I don't have to push its value on the stack, or to memory, and pop/restore it after a C call, do I?

这是用于arm-eabi-gcc 4.3.0.

This is for arm-eabi-gcc 4.3.0.

推荐答案

这取决于 ABI 针对要编译的平台.在Linux上，有两个ARM ABI.旧的和新的.新的AFAIK(EABI)实际上是ARM的AAPCS.完整的EABI定义当前位于ARM的此处信息中心.

It depends on the ABI for the platform you are compiling for. On Linux, there are two ARM ABIs; the old one and the new one. AFAIK, the new one (EABI) is in fact ARM's AAPCS. The complete EABI definitions currently live here on ARM's infocenter.

来自 AAPCS，第5.1.1节:

• r0-r3 是自变量和暂存器； r0-r1 也是结果寄存器
• r4-r8 是被调用者保存的寄存器
• r9 可能是不保存被调用者的寄存器(在AAPCS的某些变体中，这是一个特殊的寄存器)
• r10-r11 是被调用者保存的寄存器
• r12-r15 是特殊寄存器

• r0-r3 are the argument and scratch registers; r0-r1 are also the result registers
• r4-r8 are callee-save registers
• r9 might be a callee-save register or not (on some variants of AAPCS it is a special register)
• r10-r11 are callee-save registers
• r12-r15 are special registers

被叫方必须保存一个被叫方保存寄存器(与调用方保存寄存器相反，在此情况下，调用方保存该寄存器)；因此，如果这是您正在使用的ABI，则无需在调用另一个函数之前保存r10(另一个函数负责保存它).

A callee-save register must be saved by the callee (in opposition to a caller-save register, where the caller saves the register); so, if this is the ABI you are using, you do not have to save r10 before calling another function (the other function is responsible for saving it).

编辑:所使用的编译器没有区别；特别是可以为几个不同的ABI配置gcc，甚至可以在命令行上对其进行更改.查看它生成的序言/结尾代码不是很有用，因为它是针对每个函数定制的，并且编译器可以使用其他方式保存寄存器(例如，将其保存在寄存器中间).功能).

Which compiler you are using makes no difference; gcc in particular can be configured for several different ABIs, and it can even be changed on the command line. Looking at the prologue/epilogue code it generates is not that useful, since it is tailored for each function and the compiler can use other ways of saving a register (for instance, saving it in the middle of a function).

术语:"callee-save"是非易失性"或保留呼叫"的同义词:

Terminology: "callee-save" is a synonym for "non-volatile" or "call-preserved": What are callee and caller saved registers?
When making a function call, you can assume that the values in r4-r11 (except maybe r9) are still there after (call-preserved), but not for r0-r3 (call-clobbered / volatile).

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