批次变量名称中的冒号 [英] Colon in batch variable name

问题描述

我有一个批处理脚本，该脚本应该可以访问名为env:dev之类的变量，因此它内部有一个冒号...此变量是由第三方组件设置的，因此对那个名字...

I have a batch script which should have access to a variable named something like env:dev, so it has a colon inside... this variable is set by a third-party component, so I don't have influence on that naming...

如何在批处理脚本中访问此变量的内容?我知道:是一个特殊字符，所以我可以逃脱它吗?以下内容不起作用:

How can I access the content of this variable in my batch script? I know that : is a special character, so can I perhaps escape it? The following doesn't work:

echo %env:dev%
echo "%env:dev%"
echo %env^:dev%
...

有什么建议吗?

推荐答案

例如，如果启用了命令扩展名(默认为Windows cmd)，则:冒号在CMD环境变量中具有特殊含义

A : colon has special meaning in CMD environment variables if command extensions are enabled (Windows cmd default), for instance

• 变量编辑/替换:
  • %variable:StrToFind=NewStr%
  • Variable Edit/Replace:
    • %variable:StrToFind=NewStr%
    • %variable:~num_chars_to_skip%
    • %variable:~num_chars_to_skip,num_chars_to_keep%
    • %variable:~num_chars_to_skip%
    • %variable:~num_chars_to_skip,num_chars_to_keep%

    很难转义用:冒号( <可能的话.一种解决方法是:创建变量名称，使:冒号被另一个字符替换，例如_ 低线(下划线):

    Hard to escape a : colon in variable name, if possible at all. Here's a workaround: create variables with such names that : colon is replaced by another character, e.g. _ Low Line (underscore):

    @ECHO OFF
    SETLOCAL EnableExtensions DisableDelayedExpansion
    rem create sample variables
    set "env:dev1=some thing!"     value contains exclamation mark
    set "env:dev2=some thing%%"    value contains percent sign
    set "an:other=some:thing3"     another name containing colon 
    
    echo --- before ---
    set env
    set an
    
    for /F "tokens=1* delims==" %%G in ('set') do (
        set "auxName=%%G"
        set "auxValue=%%H"
        call :colons
    )
    
    echo --- after  ---
    set env
    set an
    
    rem 
    ENDLOCAL
    goto :eof
    
    :colons
      if not "%auxName::=_%" == "%auxName%" set "%auxName::=_%=%auxValue%"
    goto :eof
    

    输出:

    ==> d:\bat\so\37973141.bat
    --- before ---
    env:dev1=some thing!
    env:dev2=some thing%
    an:other=some:thing3
    --- after  ---
    env:dev1=some thing!
    env:dev2=some thing%
    env_dev1=some thing!
    env_dev2=some thing%
    an:other=some:thing3
    an_other=some:thing3
    
    ==>
    

    编辑:出于完整性考虑:

    @ECHO OFF
    SETLOCAL EnableExtensions DisableDelayedExpansion
    rem create sample variables
    set "env:dev1=some thing!"     value contains exclamation mark
    set "env:dev2=some thing%%"    value contains percent sign
    set "an:other=some:thing3"     another name containing colon
    
    rem use sample variables 
    SETLOCAL DisableExtensions
    echo Disabled Extensions %env:dev1% / %env:dev2% / %an:other%
    ENDLOCAL 
    

    请注意禁用命令扩展的影响，请阅读cmd /?:

    Be aware of disabling command extensions impact, read cmd /?:

    命令扩展名涉及对命令的更改和/或添加. 以下命令:

    The command extensions involve changes and/or additions to the following commands:

    DEL or ERASE
    COLOR
    CD or CHDIR
    MD or MKDIR
    PROMPT
    PUSHD
    POPD
    SET
    SETLOCAL
    ENDLOCAL
    IF
    FOR
    CALL
    SHIFT
    GOTO
    START (also includes changes to external command invocation)
    ASSOC
    FTYPE
    

    要获取特定详细信息，请键入命令名/?查看详细信息.

    To get specific details, type commandname /? to view the specifics.

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