如何在C ++项目中使用C源文件？ [英] How to use C source files in a C++ project?
问题描述
在C ++项目中，由于C和C ++之间的标准不同，包含C源文件的.h文件将引起许多错误。
如何在C ++项目（或主项目）中使用C源文件.cpp）？
In a C++ project, including .h files of C source files will cause many errors because of different standards between C and C++.
How to use C source files in a C++ project (or in main.cpp)?
推荐答案
为了获得最大的可靠性：
For the maximum reliability:
- 使用C编译器编译C源代码。
- 使用C ++编译器编译C ++源代码
- 最好编写主代码（）在C ++中起作用。
- 用C ++编译器链接程序。
- Compile the C source with a C compiler.
- Compile the C++ source with a C++ compiler
- Preferably, write the main() function in C++.
- Link the program with a C++ compiler.
请确保C标头本身知道C ++或C ++代码在 extern C {...} 块内包含C标头。
Make sure that the C headers are either themselves aware of C++ or that the C++ code includes the C headers inside an extern "C" { ... } block.
要么（C头文件 cheader.h ）：
#ifndef CHEADER_H_INCLUDED
#define CHEADER_H_INCLUDED
#ifdef __cplusplus
extern "C" {
#endif
...main contents of header...
#ifdef __cplusplus
}
#endif
#endif /* CHEADER_H_INCLUDED */
或（C ++源代码） ：
or (C++ source code):
extern "C" {
#include "cheader.h"
}
现代C风格非常接近C和C ++语言的通用子集。但是，由于多种原因，任意C代码都不是C ++代码，并且不能保证仅通过C ++源文件调用C源文件（通过更改扩展名，或者仅通过C ++编译器进行编译）就不会成功。 。通常，比较容易将C编译为C，将C ++编译为C ++，然后将生成的目标文件与C ++编译器链接（以确保调用正确的支持库）。
Modern C style is very close to the common subset of the C and C++ languages. However, arbitrary C code is not C++ code for any of a very large number of reasons, and simply calling the C source files C++ source files (by changing the extension, or simply by compiling with the C++ compiler) is not guaranteed to be successful. In general, it is easier to compile C as C and C++ as C++ and then link the resulting object files with the C++ compiler (to ensure the correct support libraries are invoked).
但是，如果MSVC编译器说使用MFC的程序必须仅用C ++编写（ MFC需要C ++编译（使用.cpp后缀）是报告的错误），那么您可能别无选择，只能确保您的C代码可编译为C ++代码。这意味着您必须转换 malloc（）等的返回值；您必须担心其他地方不使用强制转换将 void * 转换为其他指针类型；您必须担心C中的 sizeof（'a'）== 4 和 sizeof（'a'）== 1 在C ++中；您必须确保在使用每个函数之前先对其进行声明；您必须确保您的C代码不使用任何C ++关键字（尤其是 typename ， class ；还包括 inline 有时-但完整的列表很大）。
However, if the MSVC compiler is saying that programs using MFC have to be written solely in C++ (MFC requires C++ compilation (use a .cpp suffix) is the reported error), then you may have no choice but to ensure that your C code is compilable as C++ code. That means you'll have to cast the return values from malloc() et al; you have to worry about other places where you do not use a cast to convert a void * into some other pointer type; you have to worry about sizeof('a') == 4 in C and sizeof('a') == 1 in C++; you have to ensure that every function is declared before it is used; you have to ensure your C code does not use any C++ keywords (typename, class in particular; also inline sometimes — but the complete list is quite large).
在某些圈子中，您必须担心使用情况C99中C ++ 2003或C ++ 2011中所没有的功能，例如灵活的数组成员，指定的初始化程序，复合文字，可变长度数组等。但是，如果C代码是用于MSVC的，那么这可能不会成为问题。 MSVC C编译器不支持这些功能（它仅支持C89，不支持C99）。
In some circles, you'd have to worry about the use of features in C99 that are not in C++2003 or C++2011, such as flexible array members, designated initializers, compound literals, variable-length arrays, and so on. However, if the C code is for MSVC, then that probably isn't going to be a problem; those features are not supported by the MSVC C compiler (it only supports C89, not C99).
FWIW：我有一个脚本可以查找C ++关键字。它包含以下注释：
FWIW: I have a script to hunt down C++ keywords. It contains the following comment:
# http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/keywords
# plus JL annotations
# and C (<iso646.h>)
# and_eq C (<iso646.h>)
# alignas (C++11 feature)
# alignof (C++11 feature)
# asm C (core)
# auto(1) C (core)
# bitand C (<iso646.h>)
# bitor C (<iso646.h>)
# bool C99 (<stdbool.h>)
# break C (core)
# case C (core)
# catch
# char C (core)
# char16_t (C++11 feature)
# char32_t (C++11 feature)
# class
# compl C (<iso646.h>)
# const C (core)
# constexpr (C++11 feature)
# const_cast
# continue C (core)
# decltype (C++11 feature)
# default(1) C (core)
# delete(1)
# double C (core)
# dynamic_cast
# else C (core)
# enum C (core)
# explicit
# export
# extern C (core)
# false C99 (<stdbool.h>)
# float C (core)
# for C (core)
# friend
# goto C (core)
# if C (core)
# inline C (core)
# int C (core)
# long C (core)
# mutable
# namespace
# new
# noexcept (C++11 feature)
# not C (<iso646.h>)
# not_eq C (<iso646.h>)
# nullptr (C++11 feature)
# operator
# or C (<iso646.h>)
# or_eq C (<iso646.h>)
# private
# protected
# public
# register C (core)
# reinterpret_cast
# return C (core)
# short C (core)
# signed C (core)
# sizeof C (core)
# static C (core)
# static_assert (C++11 feature)
# static_cast
# struct C (core)
# switch C (core)
# template
# this
# thread_local (C++11 feature)
# throw
# true C99 (<stdbool.h>)
# try
# typedef C (core)
# typeid
# typename
# union C (core)
# unsigned C (core)
# using(1)
# virtual
# void C (core)
# volatile C (core)
# wchar_t C (core)
# while C (core)
# xor C (<iso646.h>)
# xor_eq C (<iso646.h>)
后缀（1）是CPP参考：
-
（1）—在C ++ 11中已更改
(1)— meaning changed in C++11
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