从SpatialPolygons和其他sp类提取特征坐标 [英] Extract feature coordinates from SpatialPolygons and other sp classes
问题描述
包 sp 为不同的空间概念（点，线，面）提供了许多类。对于某些类别，访问要素坐标非常简单，例如 SpatialLines 。所有示例均来自相应的班级帮助页面。
Package sp provides a number of classes for different spatial concepts (points, lines, polygons). For some classes, accessing feature coordinates is straightforward, e.g. SpatialLines. All examples were taken from respective class help pages.
l1 = cbind(c(1,2,3),c(3,2,2))
l1a = cbind(l1[,1]+.05,l1[,2]+.05)
l2 = cbind(c(1,2,3),c(1,1.5,1))
Sl1 = Line(l1)
Sl1a = Line(l1a)
Sl2 = Line(l2)
S1 = Lines(list(Sl1, Sl1a), ID="a")
S2 = Lines(list(Sl2), ID="b")
Sl = SpatialLines(list(S1,S2))
coordinates(Sl)
# [prints a list of two with corresponding segments]
对于 SpatialPolygons ， coordinates（）返回多边形中心，如下所示。
For SpatialPolygons, coordinates() returns polygon centers as demonstrated below.
Sr1 = Polygon(cbind(c(2,4,4,1,2),c(2,3,5,4,2)))
Sr2 = Polygon(cbind(c(5,4,2,5),c(2,3,2,2)))
Sr3 = Polygon(cbind(c(4,4,5,10,4),c(5,3,2,5,5)))
Sr4 = Polygon(cbind(c(5,6,6,5,5),c(4,4,3,3,4)), hole = TRUE)
Srs1 = Polygons(list(Sr1), "s1")
Srs2 = Polygons(list(Sr2), "s2")
Srs3 = Polygons(list(Sr3, Sr4), "s3/4")
SpP = SpatialPolygons(list(Srs1,Srs2,Srs3), 1:3)
coordinates(SpP)
[,1] [,2]
[1,] 2.696970 3.545455
[2,] 3.666667 2.333333
[3,] 6.133333 3.933333
常见软件包中是否有方便的函数可以提取特征坐标？我想出了一个用于 SpatialPolygons 的函数，但是我正在寻找经过更好测试并保持一致的东西，甚至在大多数/全部
Is there a handy function in common packages that would extract feature coordinates? I have come up with a function for SpatialPolygons, but I'm looking for something that has been better tested and is consistent, perhaps even across most/all sp classes.
getEdges <- function(x) {
stopifnot(class(x) == "SpatialPolygons")
lapply(x@polygons, function(y) {
y@Polygons[[1]]@coords
})
}
getEdges(SpP)
# [returns a list of three, coordinates in a matrix]
推荐答案
我能想到的最好方法是使用 ggplot2 fortify 函数c $ c>。 fortify 是一个通用函数，具有将通用R对象（例如 lm 等）转换为<$ c的方法。 $ c> data.frame ，其中 ggplot2 可用于绘图。完整列表给出：
The best way I can think of is to use the fortify function from ggplot2. fortify is a generic function which has methods to convert generic R objects (e.g. lm, etc) to a data.frame which ggplot2 can use for plotting. A full list gives:
> ggplot2:::fortify.
ggplot2:::fortify.cld
ggplot2:::fortify.confint.glht
ggplot2:::fortify.data.frame
ggplot2:::fortify.default
ggplot2:::fortify.glht
ggplot2:::fortify.Line
ggplot2:::fortify.Lines
ggplot2:::fortify.lm
ggplot2:::fortify.map
ggplot2:::fortify.NULL
ggplot2:::fortify.Polygon
ggplot2:::fortify.Polygons
ggplot2:::fortify.SpatialLinesDataFrame
ggplot2:::fortify.SpatialPolygons
ggplot2:::fortify.SpatialPolygonsDataFrame
ggplot2:::fortify.summary.glht
您可以看到其中包括了 SpatialPolygons * 对象的 fortify 函数。使用示例数据：
You can see this includes a fortify function for SpatialPolygons* objects. Using your example data:
> obj = fortify(SpP)
long lat order hole piece group id
1 2 2 1 FALSE 1 s1.1 s1
2 1 4 2 FALSE 1 s1.1 s1
3 4 5 3 FALSE 1 s1.1 s1
4 4 3 4 FALSE 1 s1.1 s1
5 2 2 5 FALSE 1 s1.1 s1
6 5 2 1 FALSE 1 s2.1 s2
7 2 2 2 FALSE 1 s2.1 s2
8 4 3 3 FALSE 1 s2.1 s2
9 5 2 4 FALSE 1 s2.1 s2
10 4 5 1 FALSE 1 s3/4.1 s3/4
11 10 5 2 FALSE 1 s3/4.1 s3/4
12 5 2 3 FALSE 1 s3/4.1 s3/4
13 4 3 4 FALSE 1 s3/4.1 s3/4
14 4 5 5 FALSE 1 s3/4.1 s3/4
15 5 4 6 TRUE 2 s3/4.2 s3/4
16 5 3 7 TRUE 2 s3/4.2 s3/4
17 6 3 8 TRUE 2 s3/4.2 s3/4
18 6 4 9 TRUE 2 s3/4.2 s3/4
19 5 4 10 TRUE 2 s3/4.2 s3/4
和plo计算结果：
require(ggplot2); theme_set(theme_bw())
ggplot(aes(x = long, y = lat, group = group), data = obj) + geom_path()
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