ValueError：形状（无，1）和（无，2）不兼容 [英] ValueError: Shapes (None, 1) and (None, 2) are incompatible

问题描述

我正在训练一个面部表情（愤怒与快乐）模型。最后一个密集输出层以前是1，但是当我预测图像时，其输出始终为1，准确度为64％。所以我将其更改为2 2输出。但是现在我遇到了这个错误：

I am training a facial expression (angry vs happy) model. Last dense output layer was previously 1 but when i predict an image it's output was always 1 with 64 % accuracy. So i changed it to 2 for 2 outputs. But now i am getting this error::

Epoch 1/15

---------------------------------------------------------------------------

ValueError                                Traceback (most recent call last)

<ipython-input-54-9c7272c38dcb> in <module>()
     11     epochs=epochs,
     12     validation_data = val_data_gen,
---> 13     validation_steps = validation_steps,
     14 
     15 )

10 frames

/usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages/tensorflow/python/framework/func_graph.py in wrapper(*args, **kwargs)
    966           except Exception as e:  # pylint:disable=broad-except
    967             if hasattr(e, "ag_error_metadata"):
--> 968               raise e.ag_error_metadata.to_exception(e)
    969             else:
    970               raise

ValueError: in user code:

    /usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages/tensorflow/python/keras/engine/training.py:571 train_function  *
        outputs = self.distribute_strategy.run(
    /usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages/tensorflow/python/distribute/distribute_lib.py:951 run  **
        return self._extended.call_for_each_replica(fn, args=args, kwargs=kwargs)
    /usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages/tensorflow/python/distribute/distribute_lib.py:2290 call_for_each_replica
        return self._call_for_each_replica(fn, args, kwargs)
    /usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages/tensorflow/python/distribute/distribute_lib.py:2649 _call_for_each_replica
        return fn(*args, **kwargs)
    /usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages/tensorflow/python/keras/engine/training.py:533 train_step  **
        y, y_pred, sample_weight, regularization_losses=self.losses)
    /usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages/tensorflow/python/keras/engine/compile_utils.py:205 __call__
        loss_value = loss_obj(y_t, y_p, sample_weight=sw)
    /usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages/tensorflow/python/keras/losses.py:143 __call__
        losses = self.call(y_true, y_pred)
    /usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages/tensorflow/python/keras/losses.py:246 call
        return self.fn(y_true, y_pred, **self._fn_kwargs)
    /usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages/tensorflow/python/keras/losses.py:1527 categorical_crossentropy
        return K.categorical_crossentropy(y_true, y_pred, from_logits=from_logits)
    /usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages/tensorflow/python/keras/backend.py:4561 categorical_crossentropy
        target.shape.assert_is_compatible_with(output.shape)
    /usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages/tensorflow/python/framework/tensor_shape.py:1117 assert_is_compatible_with
        raise ValueError("Shapes %s and %s are incompatible" % (self, other))

    ValueError: Shapes (None, 1) and (None, 2) are incompatible

相关代码为：

    model = Sequential([
    Conv2D(32,3, activation='relu', input_shape=(48,48,1)),
    BatchNormalization(),
    MaxPooling2D(pool_size=(3, 3)),
  
    Flatten(),
    Dense(512, activation='relu'),
    Dense(2,activation='softmax')
])
model.compile(optimizer='adam',
              loss='categorical_crossentropy',
              metrics=['accuracy'])


model.summary()

Model: "sequential_4"
_________________________________________________________________
Layer (type)                 Output Shape              Param #   
=================================================================
conv2d_6 (Conv2D)            (None, 46, 46, 32)        320       
_________________________________________________________________
batch_normalization_4 (Batch (None, 46, 46, 32)        128       
_________________________________________________________________
max_pooling2d_6 (MaxPooling2 (None, 15, 15, 32)        0         
_________________________________________________________________
flatten_4 (Flatten)          (None, 7200)              0         
_________________________________________________________________
dense_8 (Dense)              (None, 512)               3686912   
_________________________________________________________________
dense_9 (Dense)              (None, 2)                 1026      
=================================================================
Total params: 3,688,386
Trainable params: 3,688,322
Non-trainable params: 64
_________________________________________________________________


epochs = 15
steps_per_epoch = train_data_gen.n//train_data_gen.batch_size
validation_steps = val_data_gen.n//val_data_gen.batch_size



history = model.fit(
    x=train_data_gen,
    steps_per_epoch=steps_per_epoch,
    epochs=epochs,
    validation_data = val_data_gen,
    validation_steps = validation_steps,
    
)

推荐答案

更改分类交叉熵到二进制交叉熵，因为您的输出标签是二进制的。也将Softmax更改为Sigmoid，因为Sigmoid是二进制数据的正确激活函数

Change Categorical Cross Entropy to Binary Cross Entropy since your output label is binary. Also Change Softmax to Sigmoid since Sigmoid is the proper activation function for binary data

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