在common-lisp中，如何将元素插入到列表中？ [英] In common-lisp, how can I insert an element into a list in-place?

问题描述

两个问题：

1。我想要一个函数在列表内就地插入一个元素（除了列表的开头，其他任何位置，请参见问题2））：

1.I want a function to insert an element inside a list in-place (in any position but the start of the list, see question 2 for the reason) such that:

CL> (defun insert-in-place (the-list after-position new-element) .... ) => ...
CL> (setf testy-list (list 'a 'b 'c 'd)) => ...  
CL> testy-list => ('A 'B 'C 'D)  
CL> (insert-in-place testy-list 1 'BOOOO) => ...  
CL> testy-list => ('A 'B 'BOOOO 'C 'D)

2。我认为将元素插入通过函数无法就地开始列表的开头，因为args是通过值传递的，因此，由于列表的第一个cons单元是通过传递的，因此它是通过值传递的，并且它是一个副本，因此更改其car只会更改共享汽车，而不是原始汽车，尽管以下缺点单元是共享的，并且可以在原地进行更改。我对吗？

2.I think that inserting an element into the start of the list in-place is impossible through a function because the args are passed by value, so since the first cons cell of the list is passed, it is passed by value and it is a copy and so changing its car only changes a copy car, not the original, although the following cons cells are shared and change in place is possible. Am I correct?

推荐答案

1）在这里是：

(defun insert-after (lst index newelt)
  (push newelt (cdr (nthcdr index lst))) 
  lst)
(insert-after '(a c d) 0 'b)   => (A B C D)

2）对cons细胞的破坏性修改：

2) destructive modification of cons cells:

(setf testy-list '(a bar))
(defun modify (list)
  (setf (first list) 'foo))
(modify testy-list)
testy-list   => (FOO BAR)

这会将第一个cons单元格的汽车设置为 foo。

This sets the car of the first cons cell to 'foo.

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