如何播种Django项目？ -将一堆数据插入到项目中进行初始化 [英] How to seed Django project ? - insert a bunch of data into the project for initialization

问题描述

我一直在Django中进行开发，想知道是否有一种方法可以将数据种子植入Django中的数据库中。

I'ved been developing in Django and was wondering if there is a way to seed data into the database in Django.

在ruby on rails中，我使用种子.rb，然后在命令行中运行 rake db：seed。

In ruby on rails, I use seed.rb and then run "rake db:seed" in command line.

主要原因是我希望在项目初始化时使用状态，类型等数据作为种子。

Main reason I want to seed some data on statuses, types, etc for the project initialization.

是有类似的东西吗？

推荐答案

类似于Rails，我们还可以选择为数据库设置种子。使用管理命令完成。在您的一个应用中，使用以下文件夹结构

Similar to Rails, we also have option to seed the database. It is done using management commands. In one of your apps, use the following folder structure

<project>/<app>/management/commands/seed.py

这使得 python manage.py种子可用作管理命令。我个人遵循以下结构。

this makes python manage.py seed available as a management command. I personally follow the following structure.

# <project>/<app>/management/commands/seed.py
from django.core.management.base import BaseCommand
import random

# python manage.py seed --mode=refresh

""" Clear all data and creates addresses """
MODE_REFRESH = 'refresh'

""" Clear all data and do not create any object """
MODE_CLEAR = 'clear'

class Command(BaseCommand):
    help = "seed database for testing and development."

    def add_arguments(self, parser):
        parser.add_argument('--mode', type=str, help="Mode")

    def handle(self, *args, **options):
        self.stdout.write('seeding data...')
        run_seed(self, options['mode'])
        self.stdout.write('done.')


def clear_data():
    """Deletes all the table data"""
    logger.info("Delete Address instances")
    Address.objects.all().delete()


def create_address():
    """Creates an address object combining different elements from the list"""
    logger.info("Creating address")
    street_flats = ["#221 B", "#101 A", "#550I", "#420G", "#A13"]
    street_localities = ["Bakers Street", "Rajori Gardens", "Park Street", "MG Road", "Indiranagar"]
    pincodes = ["101234", "101232", "101231", "101236", "101239"]

    address = Address(
        street_flat=random.choice(street_flats),
        street_locality=random.choice(street_localities),
        pincode=random.choice(pincodes),
    )
    address.save()
    logger.info("{} address created.".format(address))
    return address

def run_seed(self, mode):
    """ Seed database based on mode

    :param mode: refresh / clear 
    :return:
    """
    # Clear data from tables
    clear_data()
    if mode == MODE_CLEAR:
        return

    # Creating 15 addresses
    for i in range(15):
        create_address()

在上面的结构中，可以添加自定义模式，并进行相应的种子设定。您也可以添加其他管理命令参数（例如number_of_addresses并将其传递给运行种子。命令将为 python manage.py seed --mode = refresh --number_of_addresses = 15 ）。

In above structure you could, add custom modes, and seed accordingly. Also you could add additional management command arguments (e.g. number_of_addresses and pass it to run seed. the command would be python manage.py seed --mode=refresh --number_of_addresses=15).

希望这会有所帮助。干杯！

Hope this helps. Cheers!

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