如何使用Python解析Wikipedia XML转储？ [英] How can I parse a Wikipedia XML dump with Python?

问题描述

我有：

import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET


def strip_tag_name(t):
    t = elem.tag
    idx = k = t.rfind("}")
    if idx != -1:
        t = t[idx + 1:]
    return t


events = ("start", "end")

title = None
for event, elem in ET.iterparse('data/enwiki-20190620-pages-articles-multistream.xml', events=events):
    tname = strip_tag_name(elem.tag)

    if event == 'end':
        if tname == 'title':
            title = elem.text
        elif tname == 'page':
            print(title, elem.text)

这似乎使标题很好，但页面文本总是空白。我缺少什么？

This seems to give the title just fine, but the page text always seems blank. What am I missing?

我无法打开文件（很大），但是我认为这是一个准确的代码段：

I haven't been able to open the file (it's huge), but I think this is an accurate snippet:

<mediawiki xmlns="http://www.mediawiki.org/xml/export-0.10/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.mediawiki.org/xml/export-0.10/ http://www.mediawiki.org/xml/export-0.10.xsd" version="0.10" xml:lang="en">
  <siteinfo>
    <sitename>Wikipedia</sitename>
    <dbname>enwiki</dbname>
    <base>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page</base>
    <generator>MediaWiki 1.29.0-wmf.12</generator>
    <case>first-letter</case>
    <namespaces>
      ...
    </namespaces>
  </siteinfo>
  <page>
    <title>AccessibleComputing</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>10</id>
    <redirect title="Computer accessibility" />
    <revision>
      <id>631144794</id>
      <parentid>381202555</parentid>
      <timestamp>2014-10-26T04:50:23Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Paine Ellsworth</username>
        <id>9092818</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>add [[WP:RCAT|rcat]]s</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Computer accessibility]]

\{\{Redr|move|from CamelCase|up\}\}</text>
      <sha1>4ro7vvppa5kmm0o1egfjztzcwd0vabw</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Anarchism</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>12</id>
    <revision>
      <id>766348469</id>
      <parentid>766047928</parentid>
      <timestamp>2017-02-19T18:08:07Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>GreenC bot</username>
        <id>27823944</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Reformat 1 archive link. [[User:Green Cardamom/WaybackMedic_2.1|Wayback Medic 2.1]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text xml:space="preserve">
      ...
      </text>
    </revision>
  </page>
</mediawiki>

推荐答案

文本是指元素标签之间的文本（即< tag> text< / tag> ），而不是所有子元素。因此，在 title 元素的情况下，具有：

The text refers to the text between the element tags (i.e. <tag>text</tag>) and not to all the child elements. Thus, in case of the title element one has:

<title>AccessibleComputing</title>

，标记之间的文本为 AccessibleComputing 。

and the text between the tags is AccessibleComputing.

对于页面元素，唯一定义的文本是'\ n'，还有其他子元素（见下文），包括 title 元素：

In the case of the page element, the only text defined is '\n ' and there are other child elements (see below), including the title element:

<page>
    <title>Anarchism</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>12</id>
    ... 
</page>

在 w3schools页面

如果要解析文件，我建议使用 findall 方法：

If you want to parse the file, I would recomend to use either findall method:

from lxml import etree
from lxml.etree import tostring

tree = etree.parse('data/enwiki-20190620-pages-articles-multistream.xml')
root = tree.getroot()
# iterate through all the titles
for title in root.findall(".//title", namespaces=root.nsmap):
    print(tostring(title))
    print(title.text)

生成以下输出：

b'<title xmlns="http://www.mediawiki.org/xml/export-0.10/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">AccessibleComputing</title>\n    '
AccessibleComputing
b'<title xmlns="http://www.mediawiki.org/xml/export-0.10/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">Anarchism</title>\n    '
Anarchism

或 xpath 方法：

nsmap = root.nsmap
nsmap['x'] = root.nsmap[None]
nsmap.pop(None)
# iterate through all the pages
for page in root.findall(".//x:page", namespaces=nsmap):
    print(page)
    print(repr(page.text)) # which prints '\n    '
    print('number of children: %i' % len(page.getchildren()))

，输出为：

<Element {http://www.mediawiki.org/xml/export-0.10/}page at 0x7ff75cc610c8>
'\n    '
number of children: 5
<Element {http://www.mediawiki.org/xml/export-0.10/}page at 0x7ff75cc71bc8>
'\n    '
number of children: 5

请参阅<有关更多详细信息，请参见href = https://lxml.de/2.2/tutorial.html rel = nofollow noreferrer> lxml教程。

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