PowerShell尝试，捕获，自定义终止错误消息 [英] PowerShell Try, Catch, custom terminating error message

问题描述

是否可以自定义终止错误的错误消息？

Is there a way to customize the error message of a terminating error?

在下面的示例中，我只想结束一个 Try 部分，并将所有错误收集到一个捕获部分，将两个脚本块组合在一起。我的问题是由 Import-csv 生成的 $ error 的描述性不够，我想输入文字在 $ error 消息中， CSV文件导入c：\test.csv 失败。

In the example below I would like to just end up with one Try section and collect all errors in one Catch section by combining both script blocks. My problem is that the $error generated by Import-csv is not descriptive enough and I would like to have the text Failed CSV-File import c:\test.csv within the $error message.

谢谢您的建议。

脚本块1

Try {
    $File = (Import-Csv -Path c:\test.csv)
}
Catch {
    throw $error[0].Exception.Message | Send-Mail $ScriptAdmin "FAILED CSV-File import"
}

脚本区块2

try {
    if(!(Test-Path $LogFolder -PathType Container)) {throw "Can't find the log folder: '$LogFolder'"}
    $Credentials = Import-Credentials $UserName $PasswordFile
}
catch {
    throw $Error[0].Exception.Message | Send-Mail $ScriptAdmin "FAILURE"
}

解决方法

可能的解决方案是先使用 test-path 检查导入文件是否存在，然后创建投掷（带有自定义消息）。但是我想知道是否可以在一行代码中处理它而无需先使用 test-path 。

A possible solution would be to check first with test-path if the import file exists and then create a throw with a customized message. But I would like to know if it's possible to handle it in one line of code without using test-path first.

最佳解决方案（感谢mjolinor）：

try {
    $File = (Import-Csv -Path $ImportFile -Header "A", "B", "C", "D" | Where { $_.A -NotLike "#*" })
    if(!(Test-Path $LogFolder -PathType Container)) {throw "Can't find the log folder: '$LogFolder'"}
    $Credentials = Import-Credentials $UserName $PasswordFile
}
catch {
    Switch -Wildcard ($Error[0].Exception)
        {
           "*$ImportFile*"
           { $FailType = "FAILED CSV-File import" }

           "*$LogFolder*"
           { $FailType = "FAILED Log folder not found" }

           "*Import-Credentials*"
           { $FailType = "FAILED Credential import" }

           Default
           { $FailType = "FAILED Unrecognized error" }

         }
       Write-Warning $Error[0].Exception.Message
       throw $Error[0].Exception.Message | Send-Mail $ScriptAdmin $FailType
}

• 确保您创建的高级功能（如上面的导入凭据）在 throw 部分中包含函数名称。因此，我们可以在 catch 块中将其过滤掉。


• Make sure that your advanced-function which you created (like Import-Credentials above) contains the function name in the throw section. So we can filter it out in the catchblock.

推荐答案

也许是这样的

Try {
      $File = (Import-Csv -Path c:\test.csv)

      if(!(Test-Path $LogFolder -PathType Container)) 
      { throw "Can't find the log folder: '$LogFolder'" }

      $Credentials = Import-Credentials $UserName $PasswordFile

      }

catch {
        Switch -Wildcard ($Error[0].CategoryInfo)
        {
           '*[Import-CSV]*' 
           { $FailType = 'Import CSV failed' }

           '*[Test-Path]*'
           { $FailType = 'LogFolder not found' }

           '*[Import-Credentials]*'
           { $FailType = 'Credential import failed' }

           Default
           { $FailType = 'Unrecognized error' }

         }

         $Error[0].Exception.Message | Send-Mail $ScriptAdmin $FailType

       }

编辑（由于某些原因）我无法发表评论）：

Edit (for some reason I'm not able to post a comment):

我应该指定它未经测试，并且更多地是作为一种模式而不是最终的解决方案，并且

I should have specified that it wasn't tested, and was intended more as a pattern than a finished solution, and it seems to have done what it was intended to do.

@BartekB-我习惯性地使用$ Error [0]而不是$ _，因为它看起来更加明确和直观阅读，并且不太可能被经验不足的人误解，他们以后可能会继承代码。

@BartekB - I habitually use $Error[0] instead of $_ because it seems more explicit and intuitive to read, and less likely to be misunderstood by someone less experienced who might inherit the code later.

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