Powershell复制项目退出代码1 [英] Powershell Copy-Item Exit code 1

问题描述

我有一个脚本，其中包含多个文件，我想复制，或多或少都这样做。

I have a script with several files I'd like to copy and I do it more or less like so.

Copy-Item xxx1 yyy1 -Force
Copy-Item xxx2 yyy2 -Force
Copy-Item xxx3 yyy3 -Force
Copy-Item xxx4 yyy4 -Force

等等。

现在，我希望此脚本以1退出没有复制任何文件。

Now I'd like this script to exit with 1 if any of the files was not copied.

预先感谢

推荐答案

您要的是类似于 bash 中的 set -e 选项，如果命令发出信号，该脚本会立即退出失败（有条件的情况除外） ^[1] 。

What you're asking for is similar to the set -e option in bash, which causes a script to exit instantly in the event that a command signals failure (except in conditionals)^[1].

PowerShell没有这样的选项 ^[2] ，但是您可以模拟它：

PowerShell has no such option^[2], but you can emulate it:

# Set up a trap (handler for when terminating errors occur).
Trap { 
    # Print the error. 
    # IMPORTANT: -ErrorAction Continue must be used, because Write-Error
    #            itself would otherwise cause a terminating error too.
    Write-Error $_ -ErrorAction Continue
    exit 1 
}

# Make non-terminating errors terminating.
$ErrorActionPreference = 'Stop'

# Based on $ErrorActionPreference = 'Stop', any error reported by
# Copy-Item will now cause a terminating error that triggers the Trap
# handler.
Copy-Item xxx1 yyy1 -Force
Copy-Item xxx2 yyy2 -Force
Copy-Item xxx3 yyy3 -Force
Copy-Item xxx4 yyy4 -Force

# Failure of an EXTERNAL PROGRAM must be handled EXPLICITLY,
# because `$ErrorActionPreference = 'Stop'` does NOT apply.
foo.exe -bar
if ($LASTEXITCODE -ne 0) { Throw "foo failed." } # Trigger the trap.

# Signal success.
exit 0

注意：

• PowerShell内部，在错误处理中不使用退出代码。它们通常仅在从PowerShell调用外部程序时，或者在PowerShell / PowerShell脚本需要向外界发出成功与失败的信号时（从另一个shell调用，例如 cmd ，在类Unix平台上为 bash ）。

• PowerShell-internally, exit codes are not used in error handling; they typically only come into play when invoking external programs from PowerShell, or when PowerShell / a PowerShell script needs to signal success vs. failure for the outside world (when called from another shell, such as cmd on Windows, or bash on Unix-like platforms).

PowerShell的自动 $ LASTEXITCODE 变量反映了最近执行的名为 exit< n> 的外部程序/ PowerShell脚本的退出代码。

PowerShell's automatic $LASTEXITCODE variable reflects the exit code of the most recently executed external program / PowerShell script that called exit <n>.

对通过非零退出代码发出故障信号的外部（控制台/终端）程序的调用不会触发 trap 块，因此上面的代码段中显式的 throw 语句。

Calls to external (console/terminal) programs that signal failure via a nonzero exit code do not trigger the trap block, hence the explicit throw statement in the snippet above.

^{[1]请注意，此选项有其批评之处，因为围绕失败时的确切规则是可以容忍的，并且当它导致脚本中止时很难记住-请参阅 http：//mywiki.wooledge。 org / BashFAQ / 105}

^{[2]可能在此RFC提案。}

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