迁移合同时用尽汽油 [英] Out of gas while migrating a contract

问题描述

我查看了其他精疲力尽"的SO帖子，但它们并没有解决我的问题. 我正在以

I have looked at the other "out of gas" SO posts and they haven't solved my problem. I am using ganache-cli started with

ganache-cli  --account="0xce2ddf7d4509856c2b7256d002c004db6e34eeb19b37cee04f7b493d2b89306d, 2000000000000000000000000000000"

然后我执行

truffle migrate --reset

返回错误

Error encountered, bailing. Network state unknown. Review successful transactions manually.
Error: VM Exception while processing transaction: out of gas

(完整错误在末尾) 这些是涉及的文件；

(Full error is at the end) These are the files involved;

truffle.js

truffle.js

module.exports = {
   networks: {
   development: {
   host: "localhost",
   port: 8545,
   network_id: "*",
   gas: 470000
  }
 }
};

1_initial_migration.js

1_initial_migration.js

var Migrations = artifacts.require("./Migrations.sol");

module.exports = function(deployer) {
  deployer.deploy(Migrations,  {gas: 4500000});
};

2_deploy_contracts.js

2_deploy_contracts.js

var Voting = artifacts.require("./Voting.sol");

module.exports = function(deployer){
    deployer.deploy(Voting, ['Rama', 'Nick', 'Jose'], {gas: 290000});

}

Voting.sol

Voting.sol

pragma solidity ^0.4.18;

contract Voting {

  mapping (bytes32 => uint8) public votesReceived;
  bytes32[] public candidateList;

  function Voting(bytes32[] candidateNames) public {
    candidateList = candidateNames;
  }

  function totalVotesFor(bytes32 candidate) view public returns (uint8) {
    require(validCandidate(candidate));
    return votesReceived[candidate];
  }

  function voteForCandidate(bytes32 candidate) public {
    require(validCandidate(candidate));
    votesReceived[candidate]  += 1;
  }

  function validCandidate(bytes32 candidate) view public returns (bool) {
    for(uint i = 0; i < candidateList.length; i++) {
      if (candidateList[i] == candidate) {
        return true;
      }
    }
    return false;
   }
}

完全错误

Replacing Migrations...
... 0xaf3b7d40ac17f297a4970b75e1cc55659e86dea3ba7bcf13dd9f82e2b6cf0086
Migrations: 0x1ea6ea9d7528a8ac4b378ae799d2c38fe006b9b6
Saving successful migration to network...
... 0xa8400e873da3cb15719c2c31804ec558e73aa9bfa91c4dc48e922c0ed0db736f
Saving artifacts...
Running migration: 2_deploy_contracts.js
Deploying Voting...
... 0x72947eda435cf854abeeeb5483c9625efad45b664f3bcc7c2085f8aabdbb1076
Error encountered, bailing. Network state unknown. Review successful transactions manually.
Error: VM Exception while processing transaction: out of gas
at Object.InvalidResponse (C:\Users\Paul\AppData\Roaming\npm\node_modules\truffle\build\webpack:\~\web3\lib\web3\errors.js:38:1)
at C:\Users\Paul\AppData\Roaming\npm\node_modules\truffle\build\webpack:\~\web3\lib\web3\requestmanager.js:86:1
at C:\Users\Paul\AppData\Roaming\npm\node_modules\truffle\build\webpack:\~\truffle-migrate\index.js:225:1
at C:\Users\Paul\AppData\Roaming\npm\node_modules\truffle\build\webpack:\~\truffle-provider\wrapper.js:134:1
at XMLHttpRequest.request.onreadystatechange (C:\Users\Paul\AppData\Roaming\npm\node_modules\truffle\build\webpack:\~\web3\lib\web3\httpprovider.js:128:1)
at XMLHttpRequestEventTarget.dispatchEvent (C:\Users\Paul\AppData\Roaming\npm\node_modules\truffle\build\webpack:\~\xhr2\lib\xhr2.js:64:1)
at XMLHttpRequest._setReadyState (C:\Users\Paul\AppData\Roaming\npm\node_modules\truffle\build\webpack:\~\xhr2\lib\xhr2.js:354:1)
at XMLHttpRequest._onHttpResponseEnd (C:\Users\Paul\AppData\Roaming\npm\node_modules\truffle\build\webpack:\~\xhr2\lib\xhr2.js:509:1)
at IncomingMessage.<anonymous> (C:\Users\Paul\AppData\Roaming\npm\node_modules\truffle\build\webpack:\~\xhr2\lib\xhr2.js:469:1)
at emitNone (events.js:91:20)

推荐答案

错误消息正确.您发送的合同用气不足.

The error message is correct. You're not sending enough gas for contract creation.

部署合同时，会在部署的三个不同阶段消耗天然气:

When you deploy a contract, gas is consumed for 3 different phases of the deployment:

• 本征气体:这是任何交易中使用的基线量.对于所有交易，初始成本为21,000瓦斯.对于合同创建，还有32,000.因此，在实际进行部署之前，您已经需要53,000个天然气.
• 构造函数执行:这是构造函数执行的OPCODE所使用的气体.我在Rinkeby上部署了此合同，您可以看到用于构造函数执行的所有OPCODE，以及它们的成本，运行时合同代码字节，这将花费200汽油.要获取合同代码的大小，请运行solc --optimize Voting.sol --bin-runtime -o .并查看生成的文件的大小.您的合同为1116字节(我使用的是solc版本0.4.19，因此您在.18上的大小可能会略有不同)，这将导致223,200汽油消耗.

• Intrinsic gas: This is the baseline amount used in any transaction. For all transactions, there is an initial cost of 21,000 gas. For contract creation, there is an additional 32,000. Therefore, before anything is actually done for deployment, you're already in for 53,000 gas.
• Constructor execution: This is the gas used for the OPCODES executed by your constructor. I deployed this contract on Rinkeby and you can see all of the OPCODES for constructor execution, and their costs, here. This portion consumed 81,040 in gas.
• Contract code storage: Finally, you have the cost of storing your contract code. If you look at gas estimation tools, this is referred to as the "code deposit". This costs 200 gas for every byte of runtime contract code stored. To get the size of your contract code, run solc --optimize Voting.sol --bin-runtime -o . and look at the size of the resulting file. Your contract is 1116 bytes (I'm using solc version 0.4.19, so your size on .18 may be slightly different), which results in 223,200 gas consumed.

总共有357,240瓦斯，这总共为357,240瓦斯(因此，您的290,000限额太低了)(再次，我相信微小的差异是由于编译器版本输出中的细微差异.我我不能100％地确定这一点，但是差异足够小-有效地是28字节的合同代码-我没有更深入地了解其根本原因).

In total, this comes out to 357,240 gas, so your 290,000 limit is too low (The actual contract run on Rinkeby consumed 351,640 gas. Again, I believe the small discrepancy is due to slight differences in compiler version output. I'm not 100% sure of this, but the difference is small enough - effectively 28 bytes of contract code - that I didn't dig deeper to find the underlying reason).

HackerNoon 上有很多文章并通过示例详细介绍了每个计算.

There's a great write up on HackerNoon that goes into detail of each calculation with an example.

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