在Powershell中,按记录类型分割大文本文件的最有效方法是什么? [英] In Powershell, what's the most efficient way to split a large text file by record type?
问题描述
我正在使用Powershell进行一些ETL工作,读取压缩的文本文件,然后根据每行的前三个字符将其拆分.
I am using Powershell for some ETL work, reading compressed text files in and splitting them out depending on the first three characters of each line.
如果我只是过滤输入文件,则可以将过滤后的流传输到Out-File并完成处理.但是我需要将输出重定向到多个目标,据我所知,这无法通过简单的管道完成.我已经在使用.NET流读取器来读取压缩的输入文件,并且想知道是否还需要使用流写入器来编写输出文件.
If I were just filtering the input file, I could pipe the filtered stream to Out-File and be done with it. But I need to redirect the output to more than one destination, and as far as I know this can't be done with a simple pipe. I'm already using a .NET streamreader to read the compressed input files, and I'm wondering if I need to use a streamwriter to write the output files as well.
天真的版本看起来像这样:
The naive version looks something like this:
while (!$reader.EndOfFile) {
$line = $reader.ReadLine();
switch ($line.substring(0,3) {
"001" {Add-Content "output001.txt" $line}
"002" {Add-Content "output002.txt" $line}
"003" {Add-Content "output003.txt" $line}
}
}
这似乎是个坏消息:每行一次查找,打开,写入和关闭文件.输入文件是500MB以上的巨大怪物.
That just looks like bad news: finding, opening, writing and closing a file once per row. The input files are huge 500MB+ monsters.
是否有惯用的方法使用Powershell构造有效地处理此问题,还是应该转向.NET流编写器?
Is there an idiomatic way to handle this efficiently w/ Powershell constructs, or should I turn to the .NET streamwriter?
我是否可以使用(New-Item"path" -type"file")对象的方法?
Are there methods of a (New-Item "path" -type "file") object I could use for this?
编辑上下文:
我正在使用 DotNetZip 库将ZIP文件读取为流;因此streamreader
而不是Get-Content
/gc
.示例代码:
I'm using the DotNetZip library to read ZIP files as streams; thus streamreader
rather than Get-Content
/gc
. Sample code:
[System.Reflection.Assembly]::LoadFrom("\Path\To\Ionic.Zip.dll")
$zipfile = [Ionic.Zip.ZipFile]::Read("\Path\To\File.zip")
foreach ($entry in $zipfile) {
$reader = new-object system.io.streamreader $entry.OpenReader();
while (!$reader.EndOfFile) {
$line = $reader.ReadLine();
#do something here
}
}
我应该同时Dispose()
$ zipfile和$ reader,但这是另一个问题!
I should probably Dispose()
of both the $zipfile and $reader, but that is for another question!
推荐答案
阅读
对于读取文件并进行解析,我将使用switch
语句:
switch -file c:\temp\stackoverflow.testfile2.txt -regex {
"^001" {Add-Content c:\temp\stackoverflow.testfile.001.txt $_}
"^002" {Add-Content c:\temp\stackoverflow.testfile.002.txt $_}
"^003" {Add-Content c:\temp\stackoverflow.testfile.003.txt $_}
}
我认为这是更好的方法,因为
I think it is better approach because
- 有对正则表达式的支持,您没有 必须制作子字符串(这可能 昂贵)和
- 参数
-file
非常方便;)
- there is support for regex, you don't have to make substring (which might be expensive) and
- the parameter
-file
is quite handy ;)
在编写输出方面,我将测试使用streamwriter,但是如果Add-Content
的性能对您来说不错,那么我会坚持下去.
As for writing the output, I'll test to use streamwriter, however if performance of Add-Content
is decent for you, I would stick to it.
已添加:
Keith建议使用>>
运算符,但是,这似乎非常慢.除此之外,它还以Unicode格式写入输出,从而使文件大小增加了一倍.
Added:
Keith proposed to use >>
operator, however, it seems that it is very slow. Besides that it writes output in Unicode which doubles the file size.
看看我的测验:
[1]: (measure-command {
>> gc c:\temp\stackoverflow.testfile2.txt | %{$c = $_; switch ($_.Substring(0,3)) {
>> '001'{$c >> c:\temp\stackoverflow.testfile.001.txt} `
>> '002'{$c >> c:\temp\stackoverflow.testfile.002.txt} `
>> '003'{$c >> c:\temp\stackoverflow.testfile.003.txt}}}
>> }).TotalSeconds
>>
159,1585874
[2]: (measure-command {
>> gc c:\temp\stackoverflow.testfile2.txt | %{$c = $_; switch ($_.Substring(0,3)) {
>> '001'{$c | Add-content c:\temp\stackoverflow.testfile.001.txt} `
>> '002'{$c | Add-content c:\temp\stackoverflow.testfile.002.txt} `
>> '003'{$c | Add-content c:\temp\stackoverflow.testfile.003.txt}}}
>> }).TotalSeconds
>>
9,2696923
区别是巨大.
仅供比较:
[3]: (measure-command {
>> $reader = new-object io.streamreader c:\temp\stackoverflow.testfile2.txt
>> while (!$reader.EndOfStream) {
>> $line = $reader.ReadLine();
>> switch ($line.substring(0,3)) {
>> "001" {Add-Content c:\temp\stackoverflow.testfile.001.txt $line}
>> "002" {Add-Content c:\temp\stackoverflow.testfile.002.txt $line}
>> "003" {Add-Content c:\temp\stackoverflow.testfile.003.txt $line}
>> }
>> }
>> $reader.close()
>> }).TotalSeconds
>>
8,2454369
[4]: (measure-command {
>> switch -file c:\temp\stackoverflow.testfile2.txt -regex {
>> "^001" {Add-Content c:\temp\stackoverflow.testfile.001.txt $_}
>> "^002" {Add-Content c:\temp\stackoverflow.testfile.002.txt $_}
>> "^003" {Add-Content c:\temp\stackoverflow.testfile.003.txt $_}
>> }
>> }).TotalSeconds
8,6755565
补充:我对写作表现很好奇..我有点惊讶
Added: I was curious about the writing performance .. and I was a little bit surprised
[8]: (measure-command {
>> $sw1 = new-object io.streamwriter c:\temp\stackoverflow.testfile.001.txt3b
>> $sw2 = new-object io.streamwriter c:\temp\stackoverflow.testfile.002.txt3b
>> $sw3 = new-object io.streamwriter c:\temp\stackoverflow.testfile.003.txt3b
>> switch -file c:\temp\stackoverflow.testfile2.txt -regex {
>> "^001" {$sw1.WriteLine($_)}
>> "^002" {$sw2.WriteLine($_)}
>> "^003" {$sw3.WriteLine($_)}
>> }
>> $sw1.Close()
>> $sw2.Close()
>> $sw3.Close()
>>
>> }).TotalSeconds
>>
0,1062315
速度快了 80倍.
现在,您必须决定-如果速度很重要,请使用StreamWriter
.如果代码的清晰度很重要,请使用Add-Content
.
It is 80 times faster.
Now you you have to decide - if speed is important, use StreamWriter
. If code clarity is important, use Add-Content
.
根据Keith Substring,速度提高了20%.一如既往,这取决于.但是,就我而言,结果是这样的:
According to Keith Substring is 20% faster. It depends, as always. However, in my case the results are like this:
[102]: (measure-command {
>> gc c:\temp\stackoverflow.testfile2.txt | %{$c = $_; switch ($_.Substring(0,3)) {
>> '001'{$c | Add-content c:\temp\stackoverflow.testfile.001.s.txt} `
>> '002'{$c | Add-content c:\temp\stackoverflow.testfile.002.s.txt} `
>> '003'{$c | Add-content c:\temp\stackoverflow.testfile.003.s.txt}}}
>> }).TotalSeconds
>>
9,0654496
[103]: (measure-command {
>> gc c:\temp\stackoverflow.testfile2.txt | %{$c = $_; switch -regex ($_) {
>> '^001'{$c | Add-content c:\temp\stackoverflow.testfile.001.r.txt} `
>> '^002'{$c | Add-content c:\temp\stackoverflow.testfile.002.r.txt} `
>> '^003'{$c | Add-content c:\temp\stackoverflow.testfile.003.r.txt}}}
>> }).TotalSeconds
>>
9,2563681
所以区别并不重要,对我而言,正则表达式更具可读性.
So the difference is not important and for me, regexes are more readable.
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