遍历Python中的所有文件夹 [英] Going through all folders in Python

问题描述

我要浏览目录中的所有文件夹:

I want to go through all folders inside a directory:

directory\  
   folderA\
         a.cpp
   folderB\
         b.cpp
   folderC\
         c.cpp
   folderD\
         d.cpp

所有文件夹的名称都是已知的. 具体来说，我试图计算a.cpp，b.cpp，c.pp和d.cpp每个源文件上的代码行数.因此，进入folderA并读取a.cpp，对行进行计数，然后返回目录，进入folderB，读取b.cpp，对行进行计数等.

The name of the folders are all known. Specifically, I am trying to count the number of lines of code on each of the a.cpp, b.cpp, c.pp and d.cpp source files. So, go inside folderA and read a.cpp, count lines and then go back to directory, go inside folderB, read b.cpp, count lines etc.

这是我到目前为止的想法，

This is what I have up until now,

dir = directory_path
for folder_name in folder_list():
    dir = os.path.join(dir, folder_name)
    with open(dir) as file:
        source= file.read()
    c = source.count_lines()

但是我是Python的新手，不知道我的方法是否合适以及如何进行.显示的任何示例代码将不胜感激！

but I am new to Python and have no idea if my approach is appropriate and how to proceed. Any example code shown will be appreciated!

此外，with open是否按所有读取操作处理文件打开/关闭，还是需要更多处理?

Also, does the with open handles the file opening/closing as it should for all those reads or more handling is required?

推荐答案

我会这样:

import glob
import os

path = 'C:/Users/me/Desktop/'  # give the path where all the folders are located
list_of_folders = ['test1', 'test2']  # give the program a list with all the folders you need
names = {}  # initialize a dict

for each_folder in list_of_folders:  # go through each file from a folder
    full_path = os.path.join(path, each_folder)  # join the path
    os.chdir(full_path)  # change directory to the desired path

    for each_file in glob.glob('*.cpp'):  # self-explanatory
        with open(each_file) as f:  # opens a file - no need to close it
            names[each_file] = sum(1 for line in f if line.strip())

    print(names)

输出:

{'file1.cpp': 2, 'file3.cpp': 2, 'file2.cpp': 2}
{'file1.cpp': 2, 'file3.cpp': 2, 'file2.cpp': 2}

关于with问题，您不需要关闭文件或进行任何其他检查.您应该现在就安全了.

Regarding the with question, you don't need to close the file or make any other checks. You should be safe as it is now.

您可能，但是，请检查full_path是否存在，因为有人(您)可能会错误地从PC删除文件夹(list_of_folders的文件夹)

You may, however, check if the full_path exists as somebody (you) could mistakenly delete a folder from your PC (a folder from list_of_folders)

您可以通过os.path.isdir执行此操作，如果文件存在，则返回True:

You can do this by os.path.isdir which returns True if the file exists:

os.path.isdir(full_path)

PS:我使用的是Python3.

PS: I used Python 3.

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