什么是JAR文件的正确内部结构 [英] what is correct internal structure of JAR file

问题描述

这是一个非常愚蠢的问题，我不能罚款一difinitive答案。

This is a really silly question that I can't fine a difinitive answer to.

背景。

我使用Eclipse（与ANT插件之一，XP的终端上）。

I'm using Eclipse (with one of the ANT plugins, on an XP terminal).

我刚开始玩蚂蚁，在[罐子]指示我设置我完成的JAR文件的位置，我得到当我解压的文件

I have just started playing with ANT, in the [jar] directive I am setting the location of my finished JAR file and I get the following when I 'unzip' the file

META-INF / MANIFEST.MF
MyMainFile.class

META-INF/MANIFEST.MF MyMainFile.class

这是与在Oracle网站的内部结构发现一致。
（这里的http://docs.oracle.com/javase/tutorial/deployment/jar/view.html ）

which is consistent with that found on the oracle web site for the internal structure. (here http://docs.oracle.com/javase/tutorial/deployment/jar/view.html )

但是，当我尝试运行我的文件，我收到了'未找到主类的错误？

But when I try to run my file I get a 'main class not found' error ?

我见过哪里人解压的JAR文件，结束了以下的结构...

I have seen some other posts where people have 'unzipped' the JAR file and ended up with a structure of the following...

META-INF / MANIFEST.MF
dtvcontrol / DTVControlApp.class

META-INF/MANIFEST.MF dtvcontrol/DTVControlApp.class

（从这里<一个href=\"http://www.$c$cranch.com/t/528312/java/java/standalone-application\">http://www.$c$cranch.com/t/528312/java/java/standalone-application)

所以我应该在我的类文件在目录结构反映包的名称...例如

So should I get a structure where my class files are in a directory that reflects the name of the package... eg

META-INF / MANIFEST.MF
MyPackage的/ MyMainFile.class

META-INF/MANIFEST.MF MyPackage/MyMainFile.class

如果是这样，为什么我得到使用ANT不正确的结构，或者为什么有2个不同的正确的内部结构？ （如何specifify主类和类路径每个/控制我所得到的）

and if so, why am I getting the incorrect structure using ANT, or why are there 2 different 'correct' internal structures? (how to specifify main-class and classpath for each / control what I get)

此外，在如果你有兴趣，在清单文件中的状态（使用Ant构建）
[属性名=主类VALUE =MyPackage.MyMainFile/]

Also in case you are interested, in the MANIFEST file states (build using ANT) [attribute name="Main-Class" value="MyPackage.MyMainFile"/]

另外正在开发包的目录结构如下...

Also the directory structure of the package under development is as follows...

/ JavaDev / MyTestPackage / src目录（包含源文件）
// JavaDev / MyTestPackage /箱（包含类文件从日食，或从ANT javac任务，有我把它命名不正确？我应该把它叫做建？）

/JavaDev/MyTestPackage/src (contains the source files) //JavaDev/MyTestPackage/bin (contains the class files from eclipse, or from the ANT JAVAC task, have I named it incorrectly? should I have called it build ? )

此外这一点，当我创建的jar我不是将其命名为MyTestPackage.jar'，而只是'Test.jar的可能这会造成一个问题？我认为不是，如果我有很好的理解是这样的[主类]定义的东西都是什么。

Further to this, when I create the jar I am not naming it 'MyTestPackage.jar' but simply 'test.jar' could this be causing a problem? I assume not as if I have well understood that is what the [main-class] definition stuff is all about.

继这一切...

MyTestPackage'是actualy，我在其他地方使用一个小的视觉误差消息库，并且我有了用于测试的主类的第二个文件。因此它指向的各种库（我需要所有的SWT库复制到指定的目录？）

'MyTestPackage' is actualy a small visual error messaging library that I use elsewhere, and I have a second file that has a main class to use for testing. As such it points to various libraries (do I need to copy all the SWT libraries to a specified directory?)

我已经在其他地方见过，如果我加载库到我的主类（我明明做在打开的窗口），然后尝试运行的程序将失败，如果我用他们没有找到主类，同样也是如此，在任何'静态最后的成员（我使用错误的洛）加入。

I have read somewhere that if I load libraries into my main class (which I obviously do to open the window) then trying to run the program will fail on a 'main class not found' if I use them, same is also true for adding in any 'static final' members (which I use for the loggin of errors).

静态最后的问题......
我试图调整ANT类路径中，我得到了连接Log4j和我的'包装'，我使用（它是一个坏的进口做）其他错误的载荷，但存在的图书馆，他们应该为集在classpath中）。

'Static Final' problem... I tried to adjust the classpath in ANT, and I get a load of other errors for the connection to Log4J and my 'wrapper' that I use (to do with it being a bad import), but the libraries exist where they should as set in the classpath).

我觉得我几乎没有....但不是很...

I feel like I am almost there.... but not quite...

我这样做了小的库项目，我用MAVAN为主要外包装的意图创建将它们全部连接在一起......现在我却只想得到这个会这么因为它的工作原理。

I'm doing this for the small 'library projects' that I am creating with the intention of using MAVAN for the main outer package that will connect them all together... for now however I just want to get this going so as it works.

我能提供完整的源代码，或所需的任何其他信息。

I can supply the full source, or any other info as required.

在此先感谢...

大卫

推荐答案

当你知道去哪里找这很简单。说你的META-INF / MANIFEST.MF包含行：

It's simple when you know where to look. Say your META-INF/MANIFEST.MF contains the line:

Main-Class: mypackage.MyMainFile

那么罐子的结构需要

then the structure of the jar needs to be

META-INF/MANIFEST.MF
mypackage/MyMainFile.class

在哪里MyMainFile必须是在合适的包装：

where MyMainFile has to be in the proper package:

package mypackage;
public class MyMainFile {
  public static void main(String[] args) {
...

您错误消息是由MyMainFile在错误的地点而引起的。

Your error message is caused by MyMainFile being in the wrong place.

编辑：它一直以来我最后一次这样做蚂蚁一段时间，但我认为你需要的东西是这样的：以反映该包struture源文件结构，比如

it's been a while since the last time i did that with ant, but i think you need something like this: a source file structure that reflects the package struture, say

src/main/java/mypackage/MyMainFile.java

和目录把编译的类文件进去，说

and a directory to put the compiled class file into, say

target

（我使用maven约定在这里，蚂蚁不关心，你可以使用（单击鼠标右键） - >属性 - > Java构建path->来源选项卡在Eclipse中设置源目录为src / main / java目录和目标瞄准/班）。然后蚂蚁，有一个从源代码编译成目标编译目标：

(I'm using maven conventions here, ant doesn't care and you can use the (rightclick)->properties->Java Build path->Sources tab in eclipse to set the source dir to src/main/java and the target to target/classes). Then in ant, have a compile target that compiles from source to target:

<target name="compile">
    <mkdir dir="target/classes"/>
    <javac srcdir="src/main/java" destdir="target/classes"/>
</target> 

让蚂蚁编译后，你会看到类文件中的目标

so that after ant compile you should see the class file in the target

target/classes/mypackage/MyMainFile.class

然后请有打包这个蚂蚁jar任务：

Then have a ant jar task that packages this:

<target name="jar" depends="compile">
    <jar destfile="target/MyJarFile.jar" basedir="target/classes">
        <manifest>
            <attribute name="Main-Class" value="mypackage.MyMainFile"/>
        </manifest>
    </jar>
</target>

他说以后蚂蚁编译JAR 你应该有内部的目标文件与myJarFile.jar以及

After saying ant compile jar you should have a file MyJarFile.jar inside target and

java -jar MyJarFile.jar

应该运行的主要方式。

should run the main method.

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