我怎么知道服务名称? [英] How can I know the service name?

问题描述

这段代码来自Stevens等人， Unix环境中的高级编程，图16.17是提供系统uptime的服务器程序:

This code from Stevens et al., Advanced Programming in the Unix Environment, Figure 16.17 is a server program to provide system uptime:

#include "apue.h"
#include <netdb.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <syslog.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>

#define BUFLEN  128
#define QLEN 10

#ifndef HOST_NAME_MAX
#define HOST_NAME_MAX 256
#endif

extern int initserver(int, const struct sockaddr *, socklen_t, int);
void
serve(int socked);

int
main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    struct addrinfo *ailist, *aip;
    struct addrinfo hint;
    int             sockfd, err, n;
    char            *host;

    if (argc != 1)
        err_quit("usage: ruptimed");
    if ((n = sysconf(_SC_HOST_NAME_MAX)) < 0)
        n = HOST_NAME_MAX;  /* best guess */
    if ((host = malloc(n)) == NULL)
        err_sys("malloc error");
    if (gethostname(host, n) < 0)
        err_sys("gethostname error");
    daemonize("ruptimed");
    memset(&hint, 0, sizeof(hint));
    hint.ai_flags = AI_CANONNAME;
    hint.ai_socktype = SOCK_STREAM;
    hint.ai_canonname = NULL;
    hint.ai_addr = NULL;
    hint.ai_next = NULL;
    if ((err = getaddrinfo(host, "ruptime", &hint, &ailist)) != 0) {
        syslog(LOG_ERR, "ruptimed: getaddrinfo error: %s",
          gai_strerror(err));
        exit(1);
    }
    for (aip = ailist; aip != NULL; aip = aip->ai_next) {
        if ((sockfd = initserver(SOCK_STREAM, aip->ai_addr,
          aip->ai_addrlen, QLEN)) >= 0) {
            serve(sockfd);
            exit(0);
        }
    }
    exit(1);
}

让我感到困惑的是函数调用 getaddrinfo ，它只是告诉我服务名称是ruptime，而我不知道该名称来自何处.服务名称是否以该程序的名称命名?如何确定服务名称?我可以自己指定服务名称吗?

What confused me is the function call getaddrinfo, it just tells me the service name is ruptime, and I have no idea where this name comes from. Did the service-name get named after the name of this program? How can I determine the service name? Can I designate the service name by myself?

我没有重复initserver和serve的代码，因为我认为它与问题无关.

I didn't duplicate the code of initserver and serve, because I think it doesn't concern the question.

推荐答案

服务名称只是在/etc/services中查找的键.即它是对端口号的符号引用.

The service name is simply a key to look up in /etc/services; i.e. it's a symbolic reference to a port number.

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