Jupyter/IPython SList ::从外壳执行操作符“！"获取未标记的输出 [英] Jupyter / IPython SList :: Obtaining non-tokenized output from the shell execute operator "!"

问题描述

在Jupyter Notebook Python Cell中运行shell命令时，如下所示:

When shell commands are run within a Jupyter Notebook Python Cell, like this:

output = ! some-shell-command

每一行都在称为SList的list IPython数据结构中捕获.例如:

each line emitted to the standard output (stdout) is captured in a list like IPython data-structure called a SList. For instance:

output = !echo -e 'line1\nline2\nline3'
print(output) # A IPython SList data-structure.

['line1', 'line2', 'line3']

但是，有时您希望保留原始的字符串输出格式，而无需将其标记化为列表，如下所示:

Sometimes, however, you want to preserve the original string output format, without tokenization into a list, like this:

print(output)

line1
line2
line3

示例:对于结构化JSON输出(它是包含许多换行符的字符串)，您不希望这种标记化发生.

那么，如何使用!运算符在Jupyter Notebooks中执行shell命令，并检索未标记的输出(如上)?

How, then, can I execute shell commands in Jupyter Notebooks using the ! operator, and retrieve un-tokenized output (like above)?

理想情况下，解决方案应该是Jupyter Notebooks中的本机.

Ideally, the solution would be something native in Jupyter Notebooks.

谢谢！

推荐答案

SList具有许多属性，这些属性以各种形式返回它:

The SList has a number of properties, that return it in various forms:

https://gist.github.com/parente/b6ee0efe141822dfa18b6feeda0a45e5

In [151]: ret = !ls *.json                                                                       
In [152]: ret                                                                                    
Out[152]: ['foo1.json', 'foo.json', 'logins.json', 'stack56532806.json']

作为列表

In [153]: ret.l                                                                                  
Out[153]: ['foo1.json', 'foo.json', 'logins.json', 'stack56532806.json']

以换行符分隔的字符串:

as newline separated string:

In [154]: ret.n                                                                                  
Out[154]: 'foo1.json\nfoo.json\nlogins.json\nstack56532806.json'

以空格分隔:

In [155]: ret.s                                                                                  
Out[155]: 'foo1.json foo.json logins.json stack56532806.json'
In [156]: type(ret)                                                             

其文档

In [158]: ret?                                                                                   
Type:        SList
String form: ['foo1.json', 'foo.json', 'logins.json', 'stack56532806.json']
Length:      4
File:        /usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages/IPython/utils/text.py
Docstring:  
List derivative with a special access attributes.

These are normal lists, but with the special attributes:

* .l (or .list) : value as list (the list itself).
* .n (or .nlstr): value as a string, joined on newlines.
* .s (or .spstr): value as a string, joined on spaces.
* .p (or .paths): list of path objects (requires path.py package)

Any values which require transformations are computed only once and
cached.

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