Spring-如何正确使用@Autowired防止控制器/MockMvc为空? [英] Spring - How to properly use @Autowired to prevent controller / MockMvc from being null?

问题描述

我正在尝试运行一些单元测试，并且遇到了一个我确定是由于对自动装配的误解而引起的问题.我有一个单元测试类，其中我试图在MockMvc和REST控制器上使用@Autowired，但两者最终都为空.

I'm attempting to run some unit tests and encountering an issue that I am sure stems from a misunderstanding about autowiring. I have a unit test class in which I am trying to use @Autowired on a MockMvc and a REST controller -- both of which end up being null.

我已经看到一些资料试图解释为什么会发生这种情况(包括 StackOverflow帖子给了我一些见识，但并没有完全帮助我解决问题).

I have seen some sources try to explain why this can happen (including this More of Less post and a helpful StackOverflow post that has given me some insight but hasn't completely helped me solve my problem).

下面是我为重现此问题而制作的示例项目中的相关源代码.

Below is relevant source code from a sample project I've made to recreate this problem.

ManagerControllerTest.java

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@WebMvcTest(ManagerController.class)
public class ManagerControllerTest {
    @Autowired
    private MockMvc mockMvc;

    @MockBean
    private Manager manager;

    @Autowired
    private ManagerController controller;

    @Test
    public void controllerNotNull() throws Exception {
        assertThat(controller).isNotNull();
    }

    @Test
    public void testStoreSomething() throws Exception {
        String path = "/manager/store-something/";

        MockHttpServletRequestBuilder builder = MockMvcRequestBuilders.get(path)
                    .characterEncoding("UTF-8")
                    .contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON);

        MvcResult result = mockMvc.perform(builder).andReturn();
        assertEquals(HttpStatus.CREATED, result.getResponse().getStatus());
    }
}

controllerNotNull()测试结果

java.lang.AssertionError:期望实际值不为空

java.lang.AssertionError: Expecting actual not to be null

奇怪的是，当我用Java创建一个新的Gradle项目并将示例代码从这篇文章导入到其中时，controllerNotNull()通过了.

Although, curiously, when I created a new Gradle project in Java and imported my sample code from this post into it, controllerNotNull() passes.

然后testStoreSomething()导致

java.lang.NullPointerException在 com.example.sandbox.rest.ManagerControllerTest.testStoreSomething(ManagerControllerTest.java:46)

java.lang.NullPointerException at com.example.sandbox.rest.ManagerControllerTest.testStoreSomething(ManagerControllerTest.java:46)

这里有一个问题:我在误解什么?我究竟做错了什么?我可以从控制器中删除@Autowired并仅用new ManagerController()实例化它，但是我仍然遇到MockMvc问题.

And here in lies the question: What am I misunderstanding? What am I doing wrong? I can remove the @Autowired from the controller and just instantiate it with new ManagerController() but I am left with MockMvc issue.

ManagerController.java

@Controller
@RequestMapping(value = "/manager/")
public class ManagerController {
    Manager manager = new Manager(new StringStorage());

    @PostMapping(value = "store-something")
    private ResponseEntity<?> storeSomething(String str) {
        manager.storeSomething(str);
        return new ResponseEntity<>(CREATED);
    }
}

Manager.java

public class Manager {
    private final Storage storage;

    public Manager(Storage storage) {
        this.storage = storage;
    }

    public void storeSomething(String str) {
        storage.store(str);
    }
}

Storage.java

public interface Storage {
    void store(String str);
}

StringStorage.java

public class StringStorage implements Storage {
    Map<String, String> stringMap;

    @Override
    public void store(String str) {
        stringMap.put(str, str);
    }
 }

Application.java

@SpringBootApplication
public class Application {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(Application.class, args);
    }

}

build.gradle 已从原始帖子中进行了编辑(以使用JUnit4)，但问题仍然存在.

build.gradle Which has been edited from the original post (to use JUnit4) but the problem remains.

repositories {
    jcenter()
}

apply plugin: 'java'
apply plugin: 'eclipse'

dependencies {
 compile group: 'org.springframework.boot', name: 'spring-boot-starter-web', version: '2.0.0.RELEASE'
    compile group: 'org.springframework.boot', name: 'spring-boot-starter-tomcat', version: '2.0.0.RELEASE'

    testCompile group: 'org.springframework.boot', name: 'spring-boot-starter-test', version: '2.0.0.RELEASE'
    testImplementation 'org.junit.jupiter:junit-jupiter-api:4.0.0'
    testImplementation 'org.junit.jupiter:junit-jupiter-params:4.0.0'
    testCompile group: 'org.mockito', name: 'mockito-core', version: '2.17.0'
    testCompile group: 'org.junit.jupiter', name: 'junit-jupiter-engine', version: "4.0.0"
    testCompile group: 'org.junit.platform', name: 'junit-platform-launcher', version: "1.3.1"
}

推荐答案

@RestController
@RequestMapping(value = "/manager")
public class ManagerController {

    @Autowired
    Manager manager;

    @PostMapping(value = "/store-something")
    private ResponseEntity<?> storeSomething(String str) {
        manager.storeSomething(str);
        return new ResponseEntity<>(CREATED);
    }
}


@Component
public class Manager {

    @Autowired
    private Storage storage;

    public void storeSomething(String str) {
        storage.store(str);
    }
}


public interface Storage {
    void store(String str);
}

@Service
public class StringStorage implements Storage {
    Map<String, String> stringMap = new HashMap<>();

    @Override
    public void store(String str) {
        stringMap.put(str, str);
    }
 }




@SpringBootApplication
public class Application {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(Application.class, args);
    }

}

测试类:

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest
@AutoConfigureMockMvc
public class ApplicationTest {

    @Autowired
    private MockMvc mockMvc;

    @Test
    public void shouldReturnDefaultMessage() throws Exception {
        this.mockMvc.perform(post("/manager/store-something")).andDo(print()).andExpect(status().isOk())
                .andExpect(content().string(containsString("Hello World")));
    }
}

这篇关于Spring-如何正确使用@Autowired防止控制器/MockMvc为空?的文章就介绍到这了，希望我们推荐的答案对大家有所帮助，也希望大家多多支持IT屋！