.NET核心使用Xunit + Autofixture + Moq编写更好的单元测试 [英] .NET core write better unit tests with Xunit + Autofixture + Moq

问题描述

在用于单元测试的.NET Core中，我正在使用Xunit，Moq和Autofixture.但是，即使有了它们，我仍然发现我的单元测试变得复杂且耗时.

In .NET Core for unit testing, I'm using Xunit, Moq, and Autofixture. But even with them, I see that my unit tests become complicated and take time.

也许有人可以告诉我是否有任何方法可以使此测试更小?

Maybe someone could tell me if there are any ways to make this test smaller?

[Fact]
public async Task Verify_NotAuthorised_NoServiceSendInvoked()
{
    // Arrange
    var fixture = new Fixture()
        .Customize(new AutoMoqCustomization());

    var sut = fixture.Create<VerificationService>();

    var mockApiBuilder = fixture.Freeze<Mock<IApiEntityBuilder>>();
    //init mocked mockSendServiceOne, so later I could check if it was invoked or not
    var mockSendServiceOne = fixture.Freeze<Mock<ISendServiceOne>>();

    mockApiBuilder.Setup(x => x.Verification(It.IsAny<string>(), It.IsAny<string>()))
        .Returns(fixture.Create<VerificationEntity>());

    var call = fixture.Freeze<Mock<ISendServiceTwo>>();
    call.Setup(x => x.IsSuccessful()).Returns(false);

    // Act
    await sut.Verify(fixture.Create<string>(), fixture.Create<string>());

    // Assert
    mockSendServiceOne.Verify(x => x.Call(It.IsAny<SendServiceOneEntity>()), Times.Never);
}

测试方法本身

public async Task<CreatedEntity> Verify(string dataOne, string dataTwo)
{
   await _someCaller.Call(_apiEntityBuilder.Verification(dataOne, dataTwo));
   _someCaller.CreatePayment();

   if (!_someCaller.IsSuccessful()) return _someCaller.CreatedEntity;

   await mockSendServiceOne.Call(_apiEntityBuilder.Call(_someCaller.CreatedEntity.SpecificData));

   return _someCaller.CreatedEntity;
}

在这里，我正在测试isSuccessful()是否返回fasle，然后不应该调用mockSendServiceOne.Call.

Here I am testing if isSuccessful() returns fasle then no mockSendServiceOne.Call should be invoked.

有人可以给我一些有关如何编写更好的单元测试的反馈.因为只需要对代码进行少量检查，所以我不得不编写大量代码对其进行测试.

Could someone give me some feedback on how to write a better unit tests. Because only for this small check of code I had to write a lot of code to test it.

推荐答案

您可以使用自动数据理论.(链接到Mark Seeman的一篇很棒的帖子，介绍了这种确切情况).

You can use AutoData Theories. (Links to a great post by Mark Seeman about this exact situation).

简而言之，AutoFixture具有一个名为 AutoData 的内置属性，您可以从中继承该属性，然后使用AutoMoqCustomization自定义灯具.

In short AutoFixture has a built in attribute called AutoData which you can inherit from and then customize the fixture with the AutoMoqCustomization.

您使用此属性装饰测试方法([Theory])，现在自动固定将自动生成您为测试方法指定的任何参数.

You decorate your testmethod ([Theory]) with this attribute, and now autofixture automagically will generate any parameter you specify for your testmethod.

当您使用 Freeze()方法生成项目时，请将 [Frozen] 属性放在参数前面.

When you would use the Freeze() method to generate an item, you put the [Frozen]attribute in front of the parameter.

以下是如何执行此操作的示例:

Here is an example of how to do it:

public class TheTests
{
    [Theory]
    [AutoDomainData]
    public void Verify_WhatWeWannaTest_CallsTheMethodOnTheDependency([Frozen] Mock<ITheDependency> dependency, WhatWeWannaTest sut)
    {
        // Act
        sut.CallTheDependency();

        // Assert
        dependency.Verify(x => x.TheMethod());
    }
}

// Create a AutoData attribute customized with Moq
public class AutoDomainDataAttribute : AutoDataAttribute
{
    public static IFixture FixtureFactory()
    {
        var f = new Fixture();
        // I like members of interfaces to be configured, so i set it her
        f.Customize(new AutoMoqCustomization { ConfigureMembers = true });
        return f;
    }

    public AutoDomainDataAttribute() : base(FixtureFactory) { }
}

// Simple class we can test
public class WhatWeWannaTest
{
    private readonly ITheDependency _theDependency;

    public WhatWeWannaTest(ITheDependency theDependency) { _theDependency = theDependency; }

    public void CallTheDependency()
    {
        _theDependency.TheMethod();
    }
}

// Simple dependency for WhatWeWannaTest
public interface ITheDependency
{
    int TheMethod();
}

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