在tkinter中生成动画 [英] generating animation in tkinter

问题描述

我使用 tkinter 编写了一个小程序，基于我给程序提供的参数(通过 gui 界面)生成图形.我正在使用 Canvas 用 tkinter 直接绘制图形.现在，我想生成一系列图形并将它们置于动画循环中.我可以生成一个 gif 动画，然后将其加载到图中，但问题是我是否可以直接在 tkinter 中执行此操作.我可以将所有内容放入循环中，但随后我将丢失事件处理程序.还有其他选择吗?

I wrote a small program using tkinter to generate a figure based on parameters I'm giving the program (through gui interface). I am drawing the figure directly with tkinter using Canvas. Now I want to generate a series of figures and put them in animated loop. I can generate a gif animation and load it into the figure but the question is if I can do this directly in tkinter. I can put everything in loop, but then I'll lose the event handler. Any other option?

编辑

这是一个简单的脚本:

#!/usr/bin/python
from Tkinter import *
import ttk
import numpy as np


colors = {1:'#F00',
          2:'#0F0',
          3:'#00F',
          4:'#FF0',
          5:'#0FF'}

root = Tk()
canvas = Canvas(root,width=400,height=400)
label = Label(root,text='seed')
values = StringVar()
combo =  ttk.Combobox(root)


def painter(event):
    seed = int(combo.get())
    np.random.seed(seed)
    nrows =  10
    ncols =  10
    Y = 0
    dx = 400/nrows
    dy = 400/ncols
    for i in range(nrows):
        X = 0
        for j in range(ncols):
            n =  np.random.randint(1,5)
            col =  colors[n]
            canvas.create_rectangle(X,Y,X+dx,Y+dy,width=1,fill=col)
            X += dx
        Y += dy


canvas.grid(column=0,row=0,rowspan=2)
combo.grid(row=1,column=1)
label.grid(row=0,column=1)
combo['values'] =  [1,2,3,4]
combo.bind('<<ComboboxSelected>>',painter)
combo.current(0)



painter(None)


root.mainloop()

我可以更改 painter 函数以包含一个无限循环，但是这样我就永远不会到达 mainloop()，因此我只需要在主循环之后调用它被创建，但是如何?

I could change the painter function to include an infinite loop but this way I never reach the mainloop(), so I need to call this only after the main loop is created, but how?

推荐答案

使用tkinter画布的一些动画的简单示例:

a simple example of some animation using tkinter canvas:

import tkinter as tk

class App(tk.Tk):
    def __init__(self):
        tk.Tk.__init__(self)
        self.title("Canvas animation example")

        self.c = tk.Canvas(self, width=400, height=400)
        self.c.pack()

        self.f_index = 0 # index so we know which frame to draw next
        # array to hold our frame data,
        # you'll probably need this to hold more than
        # just a set of coordinates to draw a line...
        self.f_data = [] 

        for num in range(0, 400, 5): # make up a set of fake data
            self.f_data.append([num, num, num+10, num+10])

    def next_frame(self):
        data = self.f_data[self.f_index] # fetch frame data
        self.c.delete('all') # clear canvas
        self.c.create_line(*data) # draw new frame data
        self.f_index += 1 # increment frame index
        if (self.f_index >= len(self.f_data)): # check and wrap if at end of sequence
            self.f_index = 0
        self.c.after(50, self.next_frame) # call again after 50ms

if __name__ == "__main__":
    app = App()
    app.next_frame() # called manually once to start animation
    # could be started with 'after' instead if desired
    app.mainloop()

请注意，要删除和重绘的项目越多，此代码执行的速度就越慢.您需要有现实的期望，在一个像样的PC上画几张纸就可以了，几百张纸就可以，但是1000张纸的表现会很差.

note that the more items you want to delete and redraw the slower this code will perform. you need to have realistic expectations, drawing a few 10's of items will be fine, a few 100's might be ok on a decent pc, but 1000's of items would be very poorly performing.

这篇关于在tkinter中生成动画的文章就介绍到这了，希望我们推荐的答案对大家有所帮助，也希望大家多多支持IT屋！