是否存在Python方法来访问类的所有非私有和非内建属性? [英] Is there a Python method to access all non-private and non-builtin attributes of a class?

问题描述

我想调用一个方法来给我所有非私有"(由于在Python中它实际上并不存在，我在这里使用了私有"一词，因为它实际上并不存在)的字典.也就是说，那些不是以单下划线或双下划线开头的类).像vars(MyClass)这样的东西只会返回该类的公共"属性.

I would like to call a method to give me a dict of all of the "non-private" (I use the term "private" somewhat loosely here since it does not really exist in Python) and non-builtin attributes (i.e. those that do not begin with a single or double underscore) on a class. Something like vars(MyClass) that would return only the "public" attributes on that class.

我知道

from M import * 

不会导入名称以下划线开头的对象.( http://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0008/#id25 )导入如何实现?通过内置函数还是仅检查下划线?pythonic的方法是什么?

does not import objects whose name starts with an underscore. (http://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0008/#id25) How does import implement that? Via a builtin function or just by checking for underscores? What is the pythonic way to do this?

示例:

class MyClass(object):
    def __init__(self):
        do_stuff()
    def _private(self):
        print 'private'
    def __gets_name_mangled(self:
        print 'becomes _MyClass__gets_name_mangled()'
    def public(self):
        print 'public'

如果我这样做

vars(MyClass).keys()

我知道

['_MyClass__gets_name_mangled', '__module__', '_private', '__doc__', '__dict__', '__weakref__', 'public', '__init__']

我怎么只能得到

['public']

还是我自己需要检查下划线?似乎会有一种pythonic的方式来做到这一点.

Or do I just need to check for underscores myself? It just seems like there would be a pythonic way to do this.

有关下划线和双下划线的更多信息，请参见:什么是

For more on underscores and double underscores, see: What is the meaning of a single- and a double-underscore before an object name?

推荐答案

具有可过滤vars()的dict理解

With a dict comprehension that filters vars()

{ k:v for k,v in vars(myObject).items() if not k.startswith('_') }

移动到一个函数中，该函数返回非软件专用"或可调用属性的列表.您可以根据需要通过更改上述的dict理解来返回值

Moved into a function that returns a list of attributes that are not 'soft private' or callables. You can return values if you like by changing to dict comprehension as above

def list_public_attributes(input_var):
    return [k for k, v in vars(input_var).items() if
            not (k.startswith('_') or callable(v))]

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