运行时链接到不在LD_LIBRARY_PATH上的动态库 [英] Run-time linking to dynamic libraries not on LD_LIBRARY_PATH

问题描述

我正在尝试将我的项目链接到放置在项目基本目录[proj_dir]/lib上的一组特定的自定义编译库-而不是系统的任何/lib，/usr/lib或/usr/local/lib-避免与已安装的相同库的版本冲突.

我可以通过传递带有 -L 标志的库路径来编译项目，但是在加载共享库libXXX.so时出现错误:无法打开共享对象文件:当我运行编译的二进制文件时，没有这样的文件或目录，并且 ldd 告诉我找不到那些特定的库.

另一方面，如果将 LD_LIBRARY_PATH = [proj_dir]/lib 传递给可执行文件，则可以运行它而不会出现问题.还有，是否有一种隐式链接这些库的方法，而不必在运行时手动设置 LD_LIBRARY_PATH ?

解决方案

您可以

1. 在调用实际程序之前写一个包装脚本，使其始终包含 LD_LIBRARY_PATH (更灵活).
2. 将 -Wl，-rpath =<目录> 添加到链接器选项，以将目录添加到运行时库搜索路径.因此，假设您有一个 libfoo.so ，并且您的程序和DSO应该位于同一目录中，那么您的编译命令应如下所示: gcc -o myprogam main.c -L.-lfoo -Wl，-rpath ='$ ORIGIN'.

更新:如Maxim所指出的那样，设置 -rpath =. gcc联机帮助页，有关 -rpath 的信息，请参见 ld联机帮助页./p>

I'm trying to link a project of mine to a particular set of custom-compiled libraries placed on the project's base directory [proj_dir]/lib - not on any of the system's /lib, /usr/lib or /usr/local/lib - to avoid conficts with the installed stock versions of those same libraries.

I'm able to compile the project by passing the library path with the -L flag, but I get error while loading shared libraries libXXX.so: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory when I run the compiled binary, and ldd tells me it can't find those particular libs.

On the other hand, I am able to run it without issue if I pass LD_LIBRARY_PATH=[proj_dir]/lib to the executable. Still, is there a way to link those libraries implicitly, without having to manually set the LD_LIBRARY_PATH at runtime?

解决方案

You can either

1. Write a wrapper script to always include LD_LIBRARY_PATH before calling the actual program (more flexible).
2. Add -Wl,-rpath=<directory> to your linker options to add a directory to the runtime library search path. So assuming you have a libfoo.so and your program and DSO should lie in the same directory, your compilation command could look like this: gcc -o myprogam main.c -L. -lfoo -Wl,-rpath='$ORIGIN'.

Update: As correctly noted by Maxim, setting -rpath=. is dangerous and should be avoided.

For -Wl,, see the gcc manpage and for -rpath see the ld manpage.

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