生成显示R对象结构的图形树图 [英] Produce a graphic tree diagram showing the structure of an R object

问题描述

在R中， str()可方便地显示对象的结构，例如 lm()和其他建模函数返回的列表的列表，但是它让出了太多的输出.我正在寻找一种工具来创建简单的树形图，该树形图仅显示列表元素的名称及其结构.

In R, str() is handy for showing the structure of an object, such as the list of lists returned by lm() and other modelling functions, but it gives way too much output. I'm looking for some tool to create a simple tree diagram showing only the names of the list elements and their structure.

例如，对于此示例

data(Prestige, package="car")
out <- lm(prestige ~ income+education+women, data=Prestige)
str(out, max.level=2)
#> List of 12
#>  $ coefficients : Named num [1:4] -6.79433 0.00131 4.18664 -0.00891
#>   ..- attr(*, "names")= chr [1:4] "(Intercept)" "income" "education" "women"
#>  $ residuals    : Named num [1:102] 4.58 -9.39 4.69 4.22 8.15 ...
#>   ..- attr(*, "names")= chr [1:102] "gov.administrators" "general.managers" "accountants" "purchasing.officers" ...
#>  $ effects      : Named num [1:102] -472.99 -123.61 -92.61 -2.3 6.83 ...
#>   ..- attr(*, "names")= chr [1:102] "(Intercept)" "income" "education" "women" ...
#>  $ rank         : int 4
#>  $ fitted.values: Named num [1:102] 64.2 78.5 58.7 52.6 65.3 ...
#>   ..- attr(*, "names")= chr [1:102] "gov.administrators" "general.managers" "accountants" "purchasing.officers" ...
#>  $ assign       : int [1:4] 0 1 2 3
#>  $ qr           :List of 5
#>   ..$ qr   : num [1:102, 1:4] -10.1 0.099 0.099 0.099 0.099 ...
#>   .. ..- attr(*, "dimnames")=List of 2
#>   .. ..- attr(*, "assign")= int [1:4] 0 1 2 3
#>   ..$ qraux: num [1:4] 1.1 1.44 1.06 1.06
#>   ..$ pivot: int [1:4] 1 2 3 4
#>   ..$ tol  : num 1e-07
#>   ..$ rank : int 4
#>   ..- attr(*, "class")= chr "qr"
#>  $ df.residual  : int 98
...

我想得到这样的东西:

这类似于我从 tree 中获得的文件系统文件夹的信息:

This is similar to what I get from tree for file folders in my file system:

C:\Dropbox\Documents\images>tree
Folder PATH listing
Volume serial number is 2250-8E6F
C:.
+---cartoons
+---chevaliers
+---icons
+---milestones
+---minard
    +---minard-besancon

结果可以是图形字符(如 tree 中的图形字符)或实际的图形，如上所示.有这样的东西吗?

The result could be either in graphic characters, as in tree or an actual graphic as shown above. Is anything like this available?

推荐答案

从 str 输出中获取此信息的简单方法类似于...

A simple approach to getting this from the str output would be something like...

a <- capture.output(str(out, max.level=2))
a <- trimws(gsub("\\:.*", "", a[grepl("\\$", a)]))
cat(a, sep="\n")

$ coefficients
$ residuals
$ effects
$ rank
$ fitted.values
$ assign
$ qr
..$ qr
..$ qraux
..$ pivot
..$ tol
..$ rank
$ df.residual
$ xlevels
$ call
$ terms
$ model
..$ prestige
..$ income
..$ education
..$ women

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