从另一个目录导入 [英] Importing from another directory

问题描述

我正在使用以下文件夹体系结构构建我的Python应用程序(大致遵循大纲此处):

I am structuring my Python application with the following folder architecture (roughly following the outline here):

myapp:
    myapp_service1:
        myapp_service1_start.py
        ...
    myapp_service2:
        myapp_service2_start.py
        ...
    myapp_service3:
        myapp_service3_start.py
        ...
    common:
        myapp_common1.py
        myapp_common2.py
        myapp_common3.py
        ...
scripts:
    script1.py
    script2.py
    script3.py
    ...
tests:
    ...
docs:
    ...
LICENSE.txt
MANIFEST.in
README

这对我来说是理想的文件/文件夹层次结构，但是，我对如何从外部文件夹引用模块感到困惑.例如， myapp_service1_start.py 需要引用 myapp_common1.py 和 myapp_common2.py 中的函数.

This is ideal file/folder hierarchy for me, however, I am confused on how to reference modules from outside folders. For instance, myapp_service1_start.py needs to reference function in myapp_common1.py and myapp_common2.py.

我知道我需要以某种方式添加对系统 path 或 pythonpath 的引用，但是我不确定在代码中执行此操作的最佳方法.或者更确切地说，我什至会在代码中执行此操作.

I know I need to somehow add reference to the system path or pythonpath, but I'm not sure the best way to do this in code. Or rather where I would even do this in code.

我该怎么做?

我已经看过很多关于通过 pip 创建要安装的完整Python包的文章，但这对我来说似乎太过分了.

I've seen a lot of posts about creating a full Python package to be installed via pip, but this seems like overkill to me.

推荐答案

一种方法是使每个 myapp_service * _start.py 文件将 myapp/目录添加到 sys.path .

One way is to make each of your myapp_service*_start.py files add myapp/ directory to sys.path.

例如，将名为 import_me.py 的文件拖放到 myapp_service1/中，该文件的代码将向上"目录(相对于导入文件)附加到sys.path :

For example, drop a file called import_me.py into myapp_service1/ with code that appends the "one up" directory (relative to importing file) to sys.path:

import os
import sys
import inspect
this_dir = os.path.dirname(inspect.getfile(inspect.currentframe()))
src_dir = os.path.join(this_dir, '..')
sys.path.insert(0, src_dir)

然后，在您的 myapp_service1_start.py 中，您可以执行以下操作:

Then, in your myapp_service1_start.py you can do something like:

import import_me
from common import myapp_common1
from common import myapp_common2

当然，请确保通过将(可能为空的) __ init __.py 文件放入Python包中来使 common 目录成为Python软件包.

Of course, be sure to make common directory a Python package by dropping a (possibly empty) __init__.py file into it.

这篇关于从另一个目录导入的文章就介绍到这了，希望我们推荐的答案对大家有所帮助，也希望大家多多支持IT屋！