如何配置Django在MSSQL Server上运行 [英] How to configure Django to run on MSSQL Server
本文介绍了如何配置Django在MSSQL Server上运行的处理方法，对大家解决问题具有一定的参考价值，需要的朋友们下面随着小编来一起学习吧！
问题描述
我能够使用SQLite数据库运行Django 1.11.但是我在使用MSSQL Server时遇到错误.
I'm able to run Django 1.11 with SQLite Database. But I'm getting an error with MSSQL Server.
除了settings.py文件外，我没有进行任何修改.
Apart from settings.py file I had not modified anything.
显示配置不正确:不支持Django 1.11.
这是我的配置:
Settings.py
DATABASES = {
'default': {
'ENGINE': 'django_pyodbc',
'HOST': '127.0.0.1',
'NAME': 'demo2016',
'USER': 'sa',
'PASSWORD': '',
'PORT': '',
'OPTIONS': {
'driver': 'ODBC Driver 13 for SQL Server',
},
}
}
在cmd提示符下:
C:\Users\Vitriv-Desktop\Desktop\sqldjango>python manage.py migrate
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "manage.py", line 22, in <module>
execute_from_command_line(sys.argv)
File "C:\Users\Vitriv-Desktop\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36-32\lib\site-packages\django\core\management\__init__.py", line 364, in execute_from_command_line
utility.execute()
File "C:\Users\Vitriv-Desktop\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36-32\lib\site-packages\django\core\management\__init__.py", line 338, in execute
django.setup()
File "C:\Users\Vitriv-Desktop\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36-32\lib\site-packages\django\__init__.py", line 27, in setup
apps.populate(settings.INSTALLED_APPS)
File "C:\Users\Vitriv-Desktop\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36-32\lib\site-packages\django\apps\registry.py", line 108, in populate
app_config.import_models()
File "C:\Users\Vitriv-Desktop\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36-32\lib\site-packages\django\apps\config.py", line 202, in import_models
self.models_module = import_module(models_module_name)
File "C:\Users\Vitriv-Desktop\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36-32\lib\importlib\__init__.py", line 126, in import_module
return _bootstrap._gcd_import(name[level:], package, level)
File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 994, in _gcd_import
File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 971, in _find_and_load
File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 955, in _find_and_load_unlocked
File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 665, in _load_unlocked
File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap_external>", line 678, in exec_module
File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 219, in _call_with_frames_removed
File "C:\Users\Vitriv-Desktop\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36-32\lib\site-packages\django\contrib\auth\models.py", line 4, in <module>
from django.contrib.auth.base_user import AbstractBaseUser, BaseUserManager
File "C:\Users\Vitriv-Desktop\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36-32\lib\site-packages\django\contrib\auth\base_user.py", line 52, in <module>
class AbstractBaseUser(models.Model):
File "C:\Users\Vitriv-Desktop\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36-32\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\base.py", line 124, in __new__
new_class.add_to_class('_meta', Options(meta, app_label))
File "C:\Users\Vitriv-Desktop\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36-32\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\base.py", line 325, in add_to_class
value.contribute_to_class(cls, name)
File "C:\Users\Vitriv-Desktop\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36-32\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\options.py", line 214, in contribute_to_class
self.db_table = truncate_name(self.db_table, connection.ops.max_name_length())
File "C:\Users\Vitriv-Desktop\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36-32\lib\site-packages\django\db\__init__.py", line 33, in __getattr__
return getattr(connections[DEFAULT_DB_ALIAS], item)
File "C:\Users\Vitriv-Desktop\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36-32\lib\site-packages\django\db\utils.py", line 211, in __getitem__
backend = load_backend(db['ENGINE'])
File "C:\Users\Vitriv-Desktop\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36-32\lib\site-packages\django\db\utils.py", line 115, in load_backend
return import_module('%s.base' % backend_name)
File "C:\Users\Vitriv-Desktop\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36-32\lib\importlib\__init__.py", line 126, in import_module
return _bootstrap._gcd_import(name[level:], package, level)
File "C:\Users\Vitriv-Desktop\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36-32\lib\site-packages\django_pyodbc\base.py", line 98, in <module>
raise ImproperlyConfigured("Django %d.%d is not supported." % DjangoVersion[:2])
django.core.exceptions.ImproperlyConfigured: Django 1.11 is not supported.
引擎应该是什么:我的改变
What should be the ENGINE: I have change from
"ENGINE":"django_pyodbc"到"ENGINE":"sqlserver"
'ENGINE': 'django_pyodbc' to 'ENGINE': 'sqlserver'
之后它显示
django.core.exceptions.ImproperlyConfigured: 'sqlserver' isn't an available database backend.
Try using 'django.db.backends.XXX', where XXX is one of:
'mysql', 'oracle', 'postgresql', 'sqlite3'
Error was: No module named 'sqlserver'
之后，我尝试安装sqlserver
After that I tried to install sqlserver
C:\Windows\system32>pip install sqlserver
Collecting sqlserver
Could not find a version that satisfies the requirement sqlserver (from versions: )
No matching distribution found for sqlserver
根据@Anusha Prashanth的答案
According to @Anusha Prashanth answer
方法1:我试图更改 Database->'ENGINE':'sqlserver_ado'
结果:
C:\Users\Vitriv-Desktop\Desktop\sqldjango>python manage.py migrate
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "manage.py", line 22, in <module>
execute_from_command_line(sys.argv)
File "C:\Users\Vitriv-Desktop\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36-32\lib\site-packages\django\core\management\__init__.py", line 364, in execute_from_command_line
utility.execute()
File "C:\Users\Vitriv-Desktop\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36-32\lib\site-packages\django\core\management\__init__.py", line 338, in execute
django.setup()
File "C:\Users\Vitriv-Desktop\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36-32\lib\site-packages\django\__init__.py", line 27, in setup
apps.populate(settings.INSTALLED_APPS)
File "C:\Users\Vitriv-Desktop\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36-32\lib\site-packages\django\apps\registry.py", line 108, in populate
app_config.import_models()
File "C:\Users\Vitriv-Desktop\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36-32\lib\site-packages\django\apps\config.py", line 202, in import_models
self.models_module = import_module(models_module_name)
File "C:\Users\Vitriv-Desktop\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36-32\lib\importlib\__init__.py", line 126, in import_module
return _bootstrap._gcd_import(name[level:], package, level)
File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 994, in _gcd_import
File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 971, in _find_and_load
File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 955, in _find_and_load_unlocked
File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 665, in _load_unlocked
File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap_external>", line 678, in exec_module
File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 219, in _call_with_frames_removed
File "C:\Users\Vitriv-Desktop\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36-32\lib\site-packages\django\contrib\auth\models.py", line 4, in <module>
from django.contrib.auth.base_user import AbstractBaseUser, BaseUserManager
File "C:\Users\Vitriv-Desktop\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36-32\lib\site-packages\django\contrib\auth\base_user.py", line 52, in <module>
class AbstractBaseUser(models.Model):
File "C:\Users\Vitriv-Desktop\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36-32\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\base.py", line 124, in __new__
new_class.add_to_class('_meta', Options(meta, app_label))
File "C:\Users\Vitriv-Desktop\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36-32\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\base.py", line 325, in add_to_class
value.contribute_to_class(cls, name)
File "C:\Users\Vitriv-Desktop\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36-32\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\options.py", line 214, in contribute_to_class
self.db_table = truncate_name(self.db_table, connection.ops.max_name_length())
File "C:\Users\Vitriv-Desktop\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36-32\lib\site-packages\django\db\__init__.py", line 33, in __getattr__
return getattr(connections[DEFAULT_DB_ALIAS], item)
File "C:\Users\Vitriv-Desktop\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36-32\lib\site-packages\django\db\utils.py", line 212, in __getitem__
conn = backend.DatabaseWrapper(db, alias)
File "C:\Users\Vitriv-Desktop\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36-32\lib\site-packages\sqlserver_ado\base.py", line 184, in __init__
super(DatabaseWrapper, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
File "C:\Users\Vitriv-Desktop\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36-32\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\base\base.py", line 96, in __init__
self.client = self.client_class(self)
TypeError: 'NoneType' object is not callable
方法2:我试图更改 Database->'ENGINE':'sql_server.pyodbc'
结果:
来自 models.py
import os
import mimetypes
from django.utils.translation import gettext as _
from django.conf import settings
from django.contrib.auth.models import User
from django.db import models
GENRE_CHOICES = (
('1', 'Rock'),
('2', 'Jazz/Blues'),
('3', 'Blues'),
)
def get_upload_path(dirname, obj, filename):
return os.path.join("audiotracks", dirname, obj.user.username, filename)
def get_audio_upload_path(obj, filename):
return get_upload_path("audio_files", obj, filename)
class Genre(models.Model):
genre_choices = models.CharField(max_length=1, choices=GENRE_CHOICES)
slug = models.SlugField(max_length = 40, unique = True) #so as to have a dedicated page for each category
description = models.TextField()
def __unicode__(self):
return self.title
def get_absolute_url(self):
return "/genres/%s/" % self.slug
class AudioTrack(models.Model):
class Meta:
abstract = True
user = models.ForeignKey(User,
related_name = "tracks",
blank = True,
null = True
)
added_on = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True, null = True)
updated_on = models.DateTimeField(auto_now=True, null = True)
audio_file = models.FileField(_("Audio file"), upload_to=get_audio_upload_path)
title = models.CharField(_("Title"), max_length="200", null=True)
description = models.TextField(_("Description"), null=True, blank=True)
slug = models.SlugField(max_length = 40, unique = True) #so as to have a dedicated page for each category
genres = models.ManyToManyField(Genre)
def __unicode__(self):
return "Track '%s' uploaded by '%s'" % (self.title, self.user.username)
@property
def mimetype(self):
if not hasattr(self, '_mimetype'):
self._mimetype = mimetypes.guess_type(self.audio_file.path)[0]
return self._mimetype
@property
def filetype(self):
if '/' in self.mimetype:
type_names = {'mpeg': 'MP3', 'ogg': 'Ogg Vorbis', 'wave':'wav', 'FLAC':'FLA'}
filetype = self.mimetype.split('/')[1]
return type_names.get(filetype, filetype)
else:
return self.mimetype
@models.permalink
def get_absolute_url(self):
# ('tracks.views.track_detail', [self.user.username, self.slug])
return "/%s/%s/" %(self.genre, self.slug)
if hasattr(settings, 'AUDIOTRACKS_MODEL'):
app_name, model_name = settings.AUDIOTRACKS_MODEL.split('.')
Track = models.get_model(app_name, model_name)
else:
class Track(AudioTrack):
pass
在cmd提示符下:
C:\Users\Vitriv-Desktop\Desktop\mydjango>python manage.py runserver
Performing system checks...
System check identified no issues (0 silenced).
Unhandled exception in thread started by <function check_errors.<locals>.wrapper at 0x040AE108>
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "C:\Users\Vitriv-Desktop\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36-32\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\base\base.py", line 213, in ensure_connection
self.connect()
File "C:\Users\Vitriv-Desktop\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36-32\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\base\base.py", line 189, in connect
self.connection = self.get_new_connection(conn_params)
File "C:\Users\Vitriv-Desktop\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36-32\lib\site-packages\sql_server\pyodbc\base.py", line 309, in get_new_connection
timeout=timeout)
pyodbc.OperationalError: ('08001', '[08001] [Microsoft][ODBC Driver 13 for SQL Server]Named Pipes Provider: Could not open a connection to SQL Server [5]. (5) (SQLDriverConnect); [08001] [Microsoft][ODBC Driver 13 for SQL Server]Login timeout expired (0); [08001] [Microsoft][ODBC Driver 13 for SQL Server]Invalid connection string attribute (0); [08001] [Microsoft][ODBC Driver 13 for SQL Server]A network-related or instance-specific error has occurred while establishing a connection to SQL Server. Server is not found or not accessible. Check if instance name is correct and if SQL Server is configured to allow remote connections. For more information see SQL Server Books Online. (5)')
The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "C:\Users\Vitriv-Desktop\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36-32\lib\site-packages\django\utils\autoreload.py", line 228, in wrapper
fn(*args, **kwargs)
File "C:\Users\Vitriv-Desktop\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36-32\lib\site-packages\django\core\management\commands\runserver.py", line 128, in inner_run
self.check_migrations()
File "C:\Users\Vitriv-Desktop\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36-32\lib\site-packages\django\core\management\base.py", line 422, in check_migrations
executor = MigrationExecutor(connections[DEFAULT_DB_ALIAS])
File "C:\Users\Vitriv-Desktop\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36-32\lib\site-packages\django\db\migrations\executor.py", line 20, in __init__
self.loader = MigrationLoader(self.connection)
File "C:\Users\Vitriv-Desktop\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36-32\lib\site-packages\django\db\migrations\loader.py", line 52, in __init__
self.build_graph()
File "C:\Users\Vitriv-Desktop\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36-32\lib\site-packages\django\db\migrations\loader.py", line 209, in build_graph
self.applied_migrations = recorder.applied_migrations()
File "C:\Users\Vitriv-Desktop\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36-32\lib\site-packages\django\db\migrations\recorder.py", line 65, in applied_migrations
self.ensure_schema()
File "C:\Users\Vitriv-Desktop\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36-32\lib\site-packages\django\db\migrations\recorder.py", line 52, in ensure_schema
if self.Migration._meta.db_table in self.connection.introspection.table_names(self.connection.cursor()):
File "C:\Users\Vitriv-Desktop\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36-32\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\base\base.py", line 254, in cursor
return self._cursor()
File "C:\Users\Vitriv-Desktop\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36-32\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\base\base.py", line 229, in _cursor
self.ensure_connection()
File "C:\Users\Vitriv-Desktop\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36-32\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\base\base.py", line 213, in ensure_connection
self.connect()
File "C:\Users\Vitriv-Desktop\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36-32\lib\site-packages\django\db\utils.py", line 94, in __exit__
six.reraise(dj_exc_type, dj_exc_value, traceback)
File "C:\Users\Vitriv-Desktop\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36-32\lib\site-packages\django\utils\six.py", line 685, in reraise
raise value.with_traceback(tb)
File "C:\Users\Vitriv-Desktop\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36-32\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\base\base.py", line 213, in ensure_connection
self.connect()
File "C:\Users\Vitriv-Desktop\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36-32\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\base\base.py", line 189, in connect
self.connection = self.get_new_connection(conn_params)
File "C:\Users\Vitriv-Desktop\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36-32\lib\site-packages\sql_server\pyodbc\base.py", line 309, in get_new_connection
timeout=timeout)
django.db.utils.OperationalError: ('08001', '[08001] [Microsoft][ODBC Driver 13 for SQL Server]Named Pipes Provider: Could not open a connection to SQL Server [5]. (5) (SQLDriverConnect); [08001] [Microsoft][ODBC Driver 13 for SQL Server]Login timeout expired (0); [08001] [Microsoft][ODBC Driver 13 for SQL Server]Invalid connection string attribute (0); [08001] [Microsoft][ODBC Driver 13 for SQL Server]A network-related or instance-specific error has occurred while establishing a connection to SQL Server. Server is not found or not accessible. Check if instance name is correct and if SQL Server is configured to allow remote connections. For more information see SQL Server Books Online. (5)')
推荐答案
成功创建...特别感谢 Anusha Prasanth，Manassehkatz，Ingaz，Jordanm 和我的研究.由于网站中 Django MSSQL数据库后端的旧文档造成了歧义哪个版本的Django可以与MSSQL一起使用.仍在更新中...
Successfully Created... Specially thanking to Anusha Prasanth, Manassehkatz, Ingaz, Jordanm and my Research. Due to old documentation of Django MSSQL Database Backend in their website creates ambiguity whether which version of Django works with MSSQL or not. Still its in an process to update...
使用以下软件配置:
- Django 1.11.8(LTS)
- MSSQL Server 2017
- django_pyodbc_azure-1.11.0.0.dist
创建虚拟环境后，请执行以下步骤:
After creating the virtual Environment, follow these below steps:
DATABASES = {
'default': {
'ENGINE': 'sql_server.pyodbc',
'HOST': 'DESKTOP-C6RS3DO',
'NAME': 'demo2016',
'USER': 'sa',
'PASSWORD': 'sa',
'PORT': '',
'OPTIONS': {
'driver': 'ODBC Driver 13 for SQL Server',
},
}
}
非常重要的注意事项::使用服务器PC/笔记本电脑的名称.不要尝试使用
主机":"127.0.0.1"，
因为会导致错误
Very Important Note: Use Name of server pc/laptop. Do not try to use
'HOST': '127.0.0.1',
As It leads to errors
在 models.py 中(定义需要包括的所有类)
In models.py(define whatever classes need to be included)
import os
import mimetypes
from django.utils.translation import gettext as _
from django.conf import settings
from django.contrib.auth.models import User
from django.db import models
GENRE_CHOICES = (
('1', 'Rock'),
('2', 'Jazz/Blues'),
('3', 'Blues'),
)
def get_upload_path(dirname, obj, filename):
return os.path.join("audiotracks", dirname, obj.user.username, filename)
def get_audio_upload_path(obj, filename):
return get_upload_path("audio_files", obj, filename)
class Genre(models.Model):
genre_choices = models.CharField(max_length=1, choices=GENRE_CHOICES)
slug = models.SlugField(max_length = 40, unique = True) #so as to have a dedicated page for each category
description = models.TextField()
def __unicode__(self):
return self.title
def get_absolute_url(self):
return "/genres/%s/" % self.slug
class AudioTrack(models.Model):
class Meta:
abstract = True
user = models.ForeignKey(User,
related_name = "tracks",
blank = True,
null = True
)
added_on = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True, null = True)
updated_on = models.DateTimeField(auto_now=True, null = True)
audio_file = models.FileField(_("Audio file"), upload_to=get_audio_upload_path)
title = models.CharField(_("Title"), max_length="200", null=True)
description = models.TextField(_("Description"), null=True, blank=True)
slug = models.SlugField(max_length = 40, unique = True) #so as to have a dedicated page for each category
genres = models.ManyToManyField(Genre)
def __unicode__(self):
return "Track '%s' uploaded by '%s'" % (self.title, self.user.username)
@property
def mimetype(self):
if not hasattr(self, '_mimetype'):
self._mimetype = mimetypes.guess_type(self.audio_file.path)[0]
return self._mimetype
@property
def filetype(self):
if '/' in self.mimetype:
type_names = {'mpeg': 'MP3', 'ogg': 'Ogg Vorbis', 'wave':'wav', 'FLAC':'FLA'}
filetype = self.mimetype.split('/')[1]
return type_names.get(filetype, filetype)
else:
return self.mimetype
@models.permalink
def get_absolute_url(self):
# ('tracks.views.track_detail', [self.user.username, self.slug])
return "/%s/%s/" %(self.genre, self.slug)
if hasattr(settings, 'AUDIOTRACKS_MODEL'):
app_name, model_name = settings.AUDIOTRACKS_MODEL.split('.')
Track = models.get_model(app_name, model_name)
else:
class Track(AudioTrack):
pass
在CMD中
C:\Users\Vitriv-Desktop\Desktop\mydjango> python manage.py migrate
Operations to perform:
Apply all migrations: admin, auth, contenttypes, sessions
Running migrations:
Applying contenttypes.0001_initial... OK
Applying auth.0001_initial... OK
Applying admin.0001_initial... OK
Applying admin.0002_logentry_remove_auto_add... OK
Applying contenttypes.0002_remove_content_type_name... OK
Applying auth.0002_alter_permission_name_max_length... OK
Applying auth.0003_alter_user_email_max_length... OK
Applying auth.0004_alter_user_username_opts... OK
Applying auth.0005_alter_user_last_login_null... OK
Applying auth.0006_require_contenttypes_0002... OK
Applying auth.0007_alter_validators_add_error_messages... OK
Applying auth.0008_alter_user_username_max_length... OK
Applying sessions.0001_initial... OK
之后，在虚拟环境中运行此cmd，
After that run this cmd in virtual env,
python manage.py runserver
导航到 http://127.0.0.1:8000/admin
类型:
python manage.py createsuperuser
就是这样.有关更多文档，请参考 docs djangoproject.com
That's it. For more documentation refer to docs djangoproject.com
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