比较不同文件中的列并打印不匹配的列 [英] compare columns from different files and print those that DO NOT match

问题描述

我有两个文件，文件1和文件2.我想比较file1的几列-$ 1，$ 2，$ 3和$ 4与file2的几列$ 1，$ 2，$ 3和$ 4，并打印出与file1中的任何行都不匹配的file2的行.

I have two files, file1 and file2. I want to compare several columns - $1,$2 ,$3 and $4 of file1 with several columns $1,$2, $3 and $4 of file2 and print those rows of file2 that do not match any row in file1.

例如

file1

aaa bbb ccc 1 2 3
aaa ccc eee 4 5 6
fff sss sss 7 8 9

file2

aaa bbb ccc 1 f a
mmm nnn ooo 1 d e
aaa ccc eee 4 a b
ppp qqq rrr 4 e a
sss ttt uuu 7 m n
fff sss sss 7 5 6

我想将其作为输出:

mmm nnn ooo 1 d e
ppp qqq rrr 4 e a
sss ttt uuu 7 m n

我在这里看到了一些问题，这些问题是寻找不匹配的问题并打印出来的，反之则不匹配的问题.

I have seen questions asked here for finding those that do match and printing them, but not viceversa,those that DO NOT match.

谢谢！

推荐答案

使用以下脚本:

awk '{k=$1 FS $2 FS $3 FS $4} NR==FNR{a[k]; next} !(k in a)' file1 file2

k 是列 1 ， 2 ， 3 和 4 ，由 FS 分隔(请参见

k is the concatenated value of the columns 1, 2, 3 and 4, delimited by FS (see comments), and will be used as a key in a search array a later. NR==FNR is true while reading file1. I'm creating the array a indexed by k while reading file1.

对于其余的输入行，我用！(a中的k)检查是否在 a 中不存在索引.如果该结果为 true awk 将打印该行.

For the remaining lines of input I check with !(k in a) if the index does not exists in a. If that evaluates to true awk will print that line.

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