R ggplot条形图，X轴上带有月份 [英] R ggplot bar plot with month on X-axis

问题描述

我想要一个条形图，在X轴上有数月，在Y轴上有数，并且有一个二进制列( status )作为填充.这是包含错误，警告和我所得到的图的代码.如何获得正确的图?

I want a bar plot with months on the X-axis, counts on the Y-axis and a binary column (status) as fill. Here is the code with the errors, warnings and the plot I am getting. How do I get the correct plot?

library(ggplot2)

# to read in date correctly
setClass("myDate")
setAs("character", 
      "myDate", 
      function(from) as.Date(from, format = "%Y-%m-%d"))

csvData <- "id,dt,status
1,2015-12-03,1
2,2015-12-05,1
3,2015-12-05,0
4,2015-11-24,1
5,2015-10-17,0
6,2015-12-18,0
7,2016-06-30,0
8,2016-05-21,1
9,2016-03-31,0
10,2015-12-31,0"

tmp <- read.csv(textConnection(csvData),
                colClasses = c("integer", "myDate", "factor"))
tmp$mon <- as.Date(cut(tmp$dt, breaks = "month"))

# The plot must have this time frame on the X-axis
dtLimits <- as.Date(c("2015-01-01", "2016-08-01"))

# This does not work
# since x is a factor here and scale uses date
ggplot(data = tmp, aes(x = as.factor(mon))) + 
  geom_bar(aes(fill = status)) + 
  scale_x_date(date_breaks = "1 month", 
               labels = date_format("%y/%m"),
               limits = dtLimits)
# Error: Invalid input: date_trans works with objects of class Date only

# wrong plot with warning message
ggplot(data = tmp, aes(x = mon)) + 
  geom_bar(aes(fill = status)) + 
  scale_x_date(date_breaks = "1 month", 
               labels = date_format("%y/%m"),
               limits = dtLimits) +
  theme(axis.text.x = element_text(angle = 90, hjust = 1))
# Warning message:
# position_stack requires non-overlapping x intervals 

最后一条语句产生的图是这样的:

The plot produced by the last statement is like this:

以下代码可生成正确的图，但没有所需的限制，并且缺少计数为0的月份.

The following code produces the correct plot, but does not have the required limits and is missing the months where the counts are 0.

ggplot(data = tmp, 
       aes(x = as.factor(format(mon, format = "%y/%m")))) + 
  geom_bar(aes(fill = status)) +
  theme(axis.text.x = element_text(angle = 90, hjust = 1))

推荐答案

在处理日期时，x轴以天为单位.条形图的宽度设置为数据分辨率的90％，因此在这种情况下，如果您未设置 width 参数，则每个条形图包含0.9天.将其更改为30，即可获得大约一个月的垃圾箱.

As you are working with dates, the x axis is on the scale of days. The bar width is set at 90% of the resolution of the data, so in this case each bar encompasses 0.9 days if you don't set the width argument. Change it to 30 to get bins of about a month.

ggplot(data = tmp, aes(x = mon)) + 
    geom_bar(aes(fill = status), width = 30) + 
    scale_x_date(date_breaks = "1 month", 
                 labels = date_format("%y/%m"),
                 limits = dtLimits)  +
    theme(axis.text.x = element_text(angle = 90, vjust = .5))

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