如何用另一个静态变量初始化一个静态变量? [英] How to initialize a static variable with another static variable?

问题描述

Static1.hpp

Static1.hpp

#include <string>
class Static1
{
    public:
        static const std::string my_string;
};

Static1.cpp

Static1.cpp

#include "Static1.hpp"
const std::string Static1::my_string = "aaa";

Static2.hpp

Static2.hpp

#include <string>
class Static2
{
    public:
        static const std::string my_string;
};

Static2.cpp

Static2.cpp

#include "Static2.hpp"
const std::string Static2::my_string = Static1::my_string;

main.cpp

#include "Static2.hpp"
#include <iostream>

int main(argc int, char** argv)
{
     cout << to_string(Static2::my_string == "aaa") << endl;
     return 0;
}

如果我在CMakeLists.txt文件中放入 add_executable(printMyString main.cpp Static2.cpp Static1.cpp)，我会得到

If I put add_executable(printMyString main.cpp Static2.cpp Static1.cpp) in my CMakeLists.txt, I get

0

而 add_executable(printMyString main.cpp Static2.cpp Static1.cpp)给了我预期的行为

1

为了使我的代码易于维护(这样就不必跟踪列出我的源文件的顺序)，有什么方法可以确保我得到 Static2 ::my_string =="aaa" ?

To make my code easier to maintain (so that I don't need to keep track of the order I list my source files), is there any way I can ensure that I get the behavior where Static2::my_string == "aaa"?

推荐答案

您正在体验 静态初始化顺序惨败.

You are experiencing effects of a static initialization order fiasco.

通常的解决方法是将静态变量替换为作用域中具有静态变量的函数，然后初始化并返回它.

The usual work-around is to substitute your static variables with functions that have a static variable in the scope, initialize, and return it.

以下是您的示例的操作方法: 实时示例(order1) 实时示例(order2)

Here is how it could be done for your example: Live Example (order1) Live Example (order2)

class Static1
{
    public:
        static std::string my_string();
};

...

std::string Static1::my_string()
{
   static const std::string my_string = "aaa";
   return my_string;
}

...

class Static2
{
    public:
        static std::string my_string();
};

...

std::string Static2::my_string()
{
   static const std::string my_string = Static1::my_string();
   return my_string;
}

...

std::cout << std::to_string(Static2::my_string() == "aaa") << std::endl;

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