我可以使用Go向现有结构添加字段吗? [英] Can I add a field to an existing struct with Go?

问题描述

假设我有结构

type Planet struct {
    Name       string  `json:"name"`
    Aphelion   float64 `json:"aphelion"`   // in million km
    Perihelion float64 `json:"perihelion"` // in million km
    Axis       int64   `json:"Axis"`       // in km
    Radius     float64 `json:"radius"`
}

以及该结构的实例，例如

as well as instances of this struct, e.g.

var mars = new(Planet)
mars.Name = "Mars"
mars.Aphelion = 249.2
mars.Perihelion = 206.7
mars.Axis = 227939100
mars.Radius = 3389.5

var earth = new(Planet)
earth.Name = "Earth"
earth.Aphelion = 151.930
earth.Perihelion = 147.095
earth.Axis = 149598261
earth.Radius = 6371.0

var venus = new(Planet)
venus.Name = "Venus"
venus.Aphelion = 108.939
venus.Perihelion = 107.477
venus.Axis = 108208000
venus.Radius = 6051.8

现在我想添加一个字段，例如 Mass 都可以.我该怎么办?

Now I want to add a field, e.g. Mass to all of those. How can I do that?

此刻，我定义了一个新的结构，例如 PlanetWithMass ，然后将所有字段(逐字段)重新分配给 PlanetWithMass 的新实例.

At the moment, I define a new struct, e.g. PlanetWithMass and reassign all fields - field by field - to new instances of the PlanetWithMass.

有没有那么冗长的方法呢?行星更改时不需要调整的方式吗?

Is there a less verbose way to do it? A way which does not need adjustment when Planet changes?

edit:我需要在Web服务器上使用它，在这里我必须将结构以JSON格式发送，但要有一个附加字段.嵌入无法解决此问题，因为它会更改生成的JSON.

edit: I need this on a web server, where I have to send the struct as JSON, but with an additional field. Embedding does not solve this problem as it changes the resulting JSON.

推荐答案

您可以将 Planet 嵌入到 PlanetWithMass 中:

type PlanetWithMass struct {
    Planet
    Mass float64
}

做类似的事情

marsWithMass := PlanetWithMass{
    Planet: mars,
    Mass: 639e21,
}

有关嵌入的更多信息，请参见规范和

For more info on embedding, see the Spec and Effective Go.

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