设计和单元测试跨平台应用程序 [英] Design and unit-test cross-platform application

问题描述

我正在(目前)正在为Windows构建一个项目，并将在将来为darwin构建该项目.

I'm working on a project that builds for windows (currently) and will be built for darwin in future.

以下是快速概述:

file1.go:

package management

type Manager interface {
    Action1()
}

file2_windows.go:

file2_windows.go:

package management

type WinManager struct {
    some configs
}

func (WinManager) Action1() {
   ...
}

func InitWinManager() WinManager {
    create and return inited WinManager with configs
}

handler.go:

handler.go:

package handle

func handle() {
    ...

    var m Manager
    if runtime.GOOS = "windows" {
        m = InitWinManager()
    }

    ... 
}

问题1:如何针对特定操作系统正确避免Manager的这种有条件初始化?

Q1: How to correctly avoid such conditional initialization of the Manager for specific OS?

关于CI的几句话-由于我们的构建计算机在linux上运行，并且我需要一个.exe文件，因此我将其构建为:

Few words about CI - since our build machine runs on linux and I need an .exe file I build it like that:

1. 使用特定于版本的属性和可执行文件的名称创建versioninfo.json
使用//go:generate goversioninfo 在main.go上
2. 运行 GOOS = windows go generate
3. 运行 GOOS = windows GOARCH = amd64 go build -o application.exe

它的构建还不错，我没有任何麻烦.

It builds just fine and I don't have any troubles with it.

去测试./handle 带来了另一个问题.在运行实际测试之前，它会尝试编译经过测试的程序包，但是由于我的构建计算机的操作系统与Windows不同，因此无法找到 InitWinManager()方法.

Another problem come up with go test ./handle. Before running actual test it tries to compile tested package, but it fails to find InitWinManager() method since my build machine's OS is different from windows.

因此，第二季度:如何在 go test 中指定要运行的操作系统版本?

So Q2: How to specify an OS version to run for in go test?

推荐答案

将Windows特定于Windows的代码放在file2_windows.go中.此文件仅适用于Windows目标.

Place the Windows specific code in file2_windows.go. This file is built for Windows targets only.

package management

type Manager struct {
    ... Windows specific type
}

func (Manager) Action1() {
   ... Windows specific code
}

func InitManager() Manager {
    create and return inited Manager with configs
}

将达尔文特定代码放置在file2_darwin.go中.此文件仅适用于达尔文目标.

Place the Darwin specific code in file2_darwin.go. This file is built for Darwin targets only.

package management

type Manager struct {
    ... Darwin specific type
}

func (Manager) Action1() {
   ... Darwin specific code
}

func InitManager() Manager {
    create and return inited Manager with configs
}

从Handler函数调用InitManager:

Call InitManager from the Handler function:

m := InitManager()

这将在Darwin目标上调用Darwin版本，在Windows目标上调用Windows版本.

This calls the Darwin version on a Darwin target and the Windows version on a Windows target.

以上使用文件名约定来设置构建约束.也可以使用注释指定约束.使用

The above uses the file name convention for setting build constraints. It's also possible to specify the constraints using comments. Use

// +build windows

指定包含文件仅针对Windows目标和

to specify that the containing file is only built for a Windows target and

// +build darwin

指定包含文件仅针对达尔文目标构建.

to specify that the containing file is only built for a Darwin target.

我假设您将Manager定义为Windows和Darwin特定管理器的通用接口.由于一次只在代码中内置一个管理器，因此无需为此定义接口.如果由于其他原因需要该接口，请将上面使用的类型类型更改为ManagerImpl或类似的内容.

I assumed that you defined Manager as a common interface for the Windows and Darwin specific managers. Because only one manager is built into the code at a time, there's no need to define an interface for this purpose. If there's some other reason that the interface is needed, change type types used above to ManagerImpl or something like that.

第二季度:不可能对不同于当前系统的目标系统运行 go test .

Q2: It's not possible to run go test for a target system that's different from the current system.

这篇关于设计和单元测试跨平台应用程序的文章就介绍到这了，希望我们推荐的答案对大家有所帮助，也希望大家多多支持IT屋！