为什么将__iter__定义为实例变量时不起作用? [英] Why `__iter__` does not work when defined as an instance variable?
问题描述
如果我按以下方式定义 __ iter __
方法,它将无法正常工作:
If I define the __iter__
method as follows, it won't work:
class A:
def __init__(self):
self.__iter__ = lambda: iter('text')
for i in A().__iter__():
print(i)
iter(A())
结果:
t
e
x
t
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "...\mytest.py", line 10, in <module>
iter(A())
TypeError: 'A' object is not iterable
如您所见,调用 A().__ iter __()
是可行的,但是 A()
是不可迭代的.
As you can see, calling A().__iter__()
works, but A()
is not iterable.
但是,如果我为该类定义 __ iter __
,那么它将起作用:
However if I define __iter__
for the class, then it will work:
class A:
def __init__(self):
self.__class__.__iter__ = staticmethod(lambda: iter('text'))
# or:
# self.__class__.__iter__ = lambda s: iter('text')
for i in A():
print(i)
iter(A())
# will print:
# t
# e
# x
# t
有人知道为什么为什么要这样设计python吗?即为什么 __ iter __
作为实例变量不起作用?你不觉得它不直观吗?
Does anyone know why python has been designed like this? i.e. why __iter__
as instance variable does not work? Don't you find it unintuitive?
推荐答案
这是设计使然.您可以在此处找到完整的描述: https://docs.python.org/3/reference/datamodel.html#special-method-lookup
It is done by design. You can find the thorough description here: https://docs.python.org/3/reference/datamodel.html#special-method-lookup
简短的回答:特殊的方法必须在类对象本身上设置,以便被解释程序一致地调用.
Short answer: the special method must be set on the class object itself in order to be consistently invoked by the interpreter.
长答案:这背后的想法是加快知名的建筑.在您的示例中:
Long answer: the idea behind this is to speed up well-known constructions. In your example:
class A:
def __init__(self):
self.__iter__ = lambda: iter('text')
在现实生活中,您将多久编写一次这样的代码?因此,Python的作用-跳过实例的字典查找,即 iter(A())
根本不会看到"该 self .__ iter __
,实际上在这种情况下 self .__ dict __ ['__ iter __']
.
How often are you going to write a code like this in real life? So, what Python does - it skips a dictionary lookup of the instance, i.e. iter(A())
simply does not "see" that self.__iter__
, which is actually self.__dict__['__iter__']
in this case.
它还将跳过所有 __ getattribute __
实例和元类查找,从而显着提高了速度.
It also skips all the __getattribute__
instance and metaclass lookup gaining a significant speedup.
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