使用 Catch2 时未解决的外部符号错误 [英] Unresolved External Symbol errors while using Catch2
问题描述
我正在尝试在Visual Studio中进行Catch2单元测试.我创建了一个小测试项目进行练习.当我尝试编译该测试项目时，出现链接器错误.我现在正在尝试诊断此链接器错误，但是 Catch2.hpp 头文件包含数千行代码.我的希望是，通常更了解Catch2或单元测试的人可以诊断出问题所在.
I am trying to do Catch2 Unit Testing in Visual Studio. I have created a small test project to practice. When I try to compile this test project, I get a linker error. I am now trying to diagnose this linker error, but the Catch2.hpp header file contains thousands of lines of code. My hope is that someone who is more familiar with Catch2 or unit testing in general can diagnose what the issue is.
我将描述创建该项目的过程.我在新解决方案中创建了一个新项目.我有4个文件，都在下面的同一目录中.
I will describe the process by which I created this project. I created a new project in a new solution. I have 4 files, all in the same directory, listed below.
我要测试的班级:
//a.h
#pragma once
class A {
friend int A_Tester_Func1(A a);
public:
A(int num) : my_num_(num) {
}
private:
int my_num_;
};
测试:
//atester.cpp
#pragma once
#include "catch.hpp"
#include "a.h"
int A_Tester_Func1(A a) {
return a.my_num_;
}
TEST_CASE("a contains a positive integer", "[a]") {
//...
A a(3);
REQUIRE(A_Tester_Func1(a) == 3);
}
运行测试的主要函数:
//tester.cpp
#define CATCH_CONFIG_MAIN
#include "catch.hpp" // this should create the main function
Catch2测试框架:
The Catch2 Testing Framework:
// catch.hpp
/*
* Catch v2.13.2
* Generated: 2020-10-07 11:32:53.302017
*/
//~17-18k lines of code that from Catch2
#endif // TWOBLUECUBES_SINGLE_INCLUDE_CATCH_HPP_INCLUDED
当我尝试使用本地Windows调试器"按钮在Visual Studio中编译此代码时，出现一堆未解析的外部符号"链接器错误.我相信我在某处读到Catch2是部分编译的".这可能与它有关，但我不知道.遵循本指南( StackOverflow:使用Visual Studio中的Catch2 )对我有用，但是我试图理解为什么上面的小示例无法成功链接.
When I try to compile this code in Visual Studio using the Local Windows Debugger button, I get a bunch of Unresolved External Symbol linker errors. I believe I read somewhere that Catch2 is "partially compiled." That may have something to do with it, but I don't know. Following this guide (StackOverflow: Best practices for Unit testing with Catch2 in Visual Studio) has worked for me, but I'm trying to understand why the small example above is not successfully linking.
为完整性起见，我在下面包括了链接器错误，尽管我认为这些错误对于该问题可能不是必需的.
I have included the linker errors below for completeness, although I feel that they will probably not be necessary for the question.
1>atester.obj : error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol "public: __thiscall Catch::StringRef::StringRef(char const *)" (??0StringRef@Catch@@QAE@PBD@Z) referenced in function "public: class Catch::BinaryExpr<int const &,int const &> const __thiscall Catch::ExprLhs<int const &>::operator==<int>(int const &)" (??$?8H@?$ExprLhs@ABH@Catch@@QAE?BV?$BinaryExpr@ABHABH@1@ABH@Z)
1>atester.obj : error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol "struct Catch::ITestInvoker * __cdecl Catch::makeTestInvoker(void (__cdecl*)(void))" (?makeTestInvoker@Catch@@YAPAUITestInvoker@1@P6AXXZ@Z) referenced in function "void __cdecl `anonymous namespace'::`dynamic initializer for 'autoRegistrar1''(void)" (??__EautoRegistrar1@?A0xf9ca9c7d@@YAXXZ)
1>atester.obj : error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol "public: __thiscall Catch::NameAndTags::NameAndTags(class Catch::StringRef const &,class Catch::StringRef const &)" (??0NameAndTags@Catch@@QAE@ABVStringRef@1@0@Z) referenced in function "void __cdecl `anonymous namespace'::`dynamic initializer for 'autoRegistrar1''(void)" (??__EautoRegistrar1@?A0xf9ca9c7d@@YAXXZ)
1>atester.obj : error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol "public: __thiscall Catch::AutoReg::AutoReg(struct Catch::ITestInvoker *,struct Catch::SourceLineInfo const &,class Catch::StringRef const &,struct Catch::NameAndTags const &)" (??0AutoReg@Catch@@QAE@PAUITestInvoker@1@ABUSourceLineInfo@1@ABVStringRef@1@ABUNameAndTags@1@@Z) referenced in function "void __cdecl `anonymous namespace'::`dynamic initializer for 'autoRegistrar1''(void)" (??__EautoRegistrar1@?A0xf9ca9c7d@@YAXXZ)
1>atester.obj : error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol "public: virtual __thiscall Catch::AutoReg::~AutoReg(void)" (??1AutoReg@Catch@@UAE@XZ) referenced in function "void __cdecl `anonymous namespace'::`dynamic atexit destructor for 'autoRegistrar1''(void)" (??__FautoRegistrar1@?A0xf9ca9c7d@@YAXXZ)
1>atester.obj : error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol "public: static class std::basic_string<char,struct std::char_traits<char>,class std::allocator<char> > __cdecl Catch::StringMaker<int,void>::convert(int)" (?convert@?$StringMaker@HX@Catch@@SA?AV?$basic_string@DU?$char_traits@D@std@@V?$allocator@D@2@@std@@H@Z) referenced in function "class std::basic_string<char,struct std::char_traits<char>,class std::allocator<char> > __cdecl Catch::Detail::stringify<int>(int const &)" (??$stringify@H@Detail@Catch@@YA?AV?$basic_string@DU?$char_traits@D@std@@V?$allocator@D@2@@std@@ABH@Z)
1>atester.obj : error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol "public: virtual __thiscall Catch::ITransientExpression::~ITransientExpression(void)" (??1ITransientExpression@Catch@@UAE@XZ) referenced in function "public: virtual __thiscall Catch::BinaryExpr<int const &,int const &>::~BinaryExpr<int const &,int const &>(void)" (??1?$BinaryExpr@ABHABH@Catch@@UAE@XZ)
1>atester.obj : error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol "void __cdecl Catch::formatReconstructedExpression(class std::basic_ostream<char,struct std::char_traits<char> > &,class std::basic_string<char,struct std::char_traits<char>,class std::allocator<char> > const &,class Catch::StringRef,class std::basic_string<char,struct std::char_traits<char>,class std::allocator<char> > const &)" (?formatReconstructedExpression@Catch@@YAXAAV?$basic_ostream@DU?$char_traits@D@std@@@std@@ABV?$basic_string@DU?$char_traits@D@std@@V?$allocator@D@2@@3@VStringRef@1@1@Z) referenced in function "private: virtual void __thiscall Catch::BinaryExpr<int const &,int const &>::streamReconstructedExpression(class std::basic_ostream<char,struct std::char_traits<char> > &)const " (?streamReconstructedExpression@?$BinaryExpr@ABHABH@Catch@@EBEXAAV?$basic_ostream@DU?$char_traits@D@std@@@std@@@Z)
1>atester.obj : error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol "public: __thiscall Catch::AssertionHandler::AssertionHandler(class Catch::StringRef const &,struct Catch::SourceLineInfo const &,class Catch::StringRef,enum Catch::ResultDisposition::Flags)" (??0AssertionHandler@Catch@@QAE@ABVStringRef@1@ABUSourceLineInfo@1@V21@W4Flags@ResultDisposition@1@@Z) referenced in function "void __cdecl ____C_A_T_C_H____T_E_S_T____0(void)" (?____C_A_T_C_H____T_E_S_T____0@@YAXXZ)
1>atester.obj : error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol "public: void __thiscall Catch::AssertionHandler::handleExpr(struct Catch::ITransientExpression const &)" (?handleExpr@AssertionHandler@Catch@@QAEXABUITransientExpression@2@@Z) referenced in function "void __cdecl ____C_A_T_C_H____T_E_S_T____0(void)" (?____C_A_T_C_H____T_E_S_T____0@@YAXXZ)
1>atester.obj : error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol "public: void __thiscall Catch::AssertionHandler::handleUnexpectedInflightException(void)" (?handleUnexpectedInflightException@AssertionHandler@Catch@@QAEXXZ) referenced in function __catch$?____C_A_T_C_H____T_E_S_T____0@@YAXXZ$0
1>atester.obj : error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol "public: void __thiscall Catch::AssertionHandler::complete(void)" (?complete@AssertionHandler@Catch@@QAEXXZ) referenced in function __catch$?____C_A_T_C_H____T_E_S_T____0@@YAXXZ$0
1>MSVCRTD.lib(exe_main.obj) : error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol _main referenced in function "int __cdecl invoke_main(void)" (?invoke_main@@YAHXZ)
是什么原因导致这些错误?如何在将 catch.hpp 与源文件保留在同一项目中的同时解决这些错误?
What is causing these errors? How do I fix these errors while keeping catch.hpp in the same project as my source files?
推荐答案
在.cpp文件中，添加此文件以使该项目成为Catch2测试运行器:
In a .cpp file, add this to make the project a Catch2 test runner:
#define CATCH_CONFIG_RUNNER
#include "catch.hpp"
有关详细信息，请参见提供主程序()你自己
Read more at Supplying main() yourself
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