x，y，z值的matplotlib 2D图 [英] matplotlib 2D plot from x,y,z values

问题描述

我是Python初学者.

I am a Python beginner.

我有一个X值列表

x_list = [-1,2,10,3]

我有一个 Y 值列表

y_list = [3,-3,4,7]

然后我为每对夫妇设置一个 Z 值.从原理上讲，这是这样工作的:

I then have a Z value for each couple. Schematically, this works like that:

X   Y    Z
-1  3    5
2   -3   1
10  4    2.5
3   7    4.5

和Z值存储在 z_list = [5,1,2.5,4.5] 中.我需要得到一个二维图，X 轴上的 X 值，Y 轴上的 Y 值，以及每对 Z 值，由强度图表示.这是我尝试过的尝试，但未成功:

and the Z values are stored in z_list = [5,1,2.5,4.5]. I need to get a 2D plot with the X values on the X axis, the Y values on the Y axis, and for each couple the Z value, represented by an intensity map. This is what I have tried, unsuccessfully:

X, Y = np.meshgrid(x_list, y_list) 
fig, ax = plt.subplots()
extent = [x_list.min(), x_list.max(), y_list.min(), y_list.max()]
im=plt.imshow(z_list, extent=extent, aspect = 'auto')
plt.colorbar(im)
plt.show()

如何正确完成这项工作?

How to get this done correctly?

推荐答案

问题在于 imshow(z_list, ...) 会期望 z_list 成为 (n,m) 类型数组，基本上是值的网格.要使用imshow功能，每个网格点都需要具有Z值，这可以通过收集更多数据或进行插值来实现.

The problem is that imshow(z_list, ...) will expect z_list to be an (n,m) type array, basically a grid of values. To use the imshow function, you need to have Z values for each grid point, which you can accomplish by collecting more data or interpolating.

这是一个示例，使用您的数据进行线性插值:

Here is an example, using your data with linear interpolation:

from scipy.interpolate import interp2d

# f will be a function with two arguments (x and y coordinates),
# but those can be array_like structures too, in which case the
# result will be a matrix representing the values in the grid 
# specified by those arguments
f = interp2d(x_list,y_list,z_list,kind="linear")

x_coords = np.arange(min(x_list),max(x_list)+1)
y_coords = np.arange(min(y_list),max(y_list)+1)
Z = f(x_coords,y_coords)

fig = plt.imshow(Z,
           extent=[min(x_list),max(x_list),min(y_list),max(y_list)],
           origin="lower")

# Show the positions of the sample points, just to have some reference
fig.axes.set_autoscale_on(False)
plt.scatter(x_list,y_list,400,facecolors='none')

您可以看到它在采样点上显示了正确的值(由半圆显示的由 x_list 和 y_list 指定)，但在其他地方，由于插值的性质和样本点数较少.

You can see that it displays the correct values at your sample points (specified by x_list and y_list, shown by the semicircles), but it has much bigger variation at other places, due to the nature of the interpolation and the small number of sample points.

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