我想使用 matplotlib 制作一个给定 z 函数的 3d 图 [英] I want to use matplotlib to make a 3d plot given a z function
问题描述
我有一个 z 函数,它接受 x 和 y 参数并返回 z 输出.我想在3d中绘制并设置比例.我如何轻松做到这一点?我花了太多时间浏览文档,但我一次都没有看到这样做的方法.
I have a z function that accepts x and y parameters and returns a z output. I want to plot this in 3d and set the scales. How can I do this easily? I've spent way too much time looking through the documentation and not once do I see a way to do this.
推荐答案
绘图风格取决于您的数据:您是要绘制 3D 曲线(线)、曲面还是散点的点?
The plotting style depends on your data: are you trying to plot a 3D curve (line), a surface, or a scatter of points?
在下面的第一个示例中,我仅使用了x-y平面中均匀分布点的简单网格作为域.通常,首先创建一个xs和ys的域,然后从中计算zs.
In the first example below I've just used a simple grid of evenly spaced points in the x-y plane for the domain. Generally, you first create a domain of xs and ys, and then calculate the zs from that.
此代码应为您提供一个工作示例,供您开始使用:
This code should give you a working example to start playing with:
import numpy as np
from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import random
def fun(x, y):
return x + y
fig = plt.figure()
ax = fig.add_subplot(111, projection='3d')
n = 10
xs = [i for i in range(n) for _ in range(n)]
ys = list(range(n)) * n
zs = [fun(x, y) for x,y in zip(xs,ys)]
ax.scatter(xs, ys, zs)
ax.set_xlabel('X Label')
ax.set_ylabel('Y Label')
ax.set_zlabel('Z Label')
plt.show()
对于曲面,这有点不同,您将网格传入二维数组中的域.这是一个光滑的表面示例:
For surfaces it's a bit different, you pass in a grid for the domain in 2d arrays. Here's a smooth surface example:
import numpy as np
from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import random
def fun(x, y):
return x**2 + y
fig = plt.figure()
ax = fig.add_subplot(111, projection='3d')
x = y = np.arange(-3.0, 3.0, 0.05)
X, Y = np.meshgrid(x, y)
zs = np.array([fun(x,y) for x,y in zip(np.ravel(X), np.ravel(Y))])
Z = zs.reshape(X.shape)
ax.plot_surface(X, Y, Z)
ax.set_xlabel('X Label')
ax.set_ylabel('Y Label')
ax.set_zlabel('Z Label')
plt.show()
有关更多示例,请查看文档中的 mplot3d教程.
For many more examples, check out the mplot3d tutorial in the docs.
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