Matplotlib 图例垂直旋转 [英] Matplotlib legend vertical rotation

问题描述

也许有人知道是否可以在 matplotlib 中的图上旋转图例?我使用下面的代码绘制了一个简单的图，并在画图中编辑了图形以显示我想要的.

Does someone perhaps know if it is possible to rotate a legend on a plot in matplotlib? I made a simple plot with the below code, and edited the graph in paint to show what I want.

plt.plot([4,5,6], label = 'test')
ax = plt.gca()
ax.legend()
plt.show()

推荐答案

我遇到了一个类似的问题，并通过编写函数 legendAsLatex 来解决了该问题，该函数生成一个乳胶代码用作标签.y轴.该函数收集提供给绘图函数的颜色、标记、线型和标签.它需要启用乳胶并加载所需的软件包.这是使用两个垂直轴的额外曲线生成绘图的代码.

I went to a similar problem and solved it by writing the function legendAsLatex that generates a latex code to be used as the label of the y-axis. The function gathers the color, the marker, the line style, and the label provided to the plot function. It requires enabling the latex and loading the required packages. Here is the code to generate your plot with extra curves that use both vertical axis.

from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
import matplotlib.colors as cor

plt.rc('text', usetex=True)
plt.rc('text.latex', preamble=r'\usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym}'+
    r'\usepackage[dvipsnames]{xcolor} \usepackage{MnSymbol}  \usepackage{txfonts}')

def legendAsLatex(axes, rotation=90) :
    '''Generate a latex code to be used instead of the legend. 
       Uses the label, color, marker and linestyle provided to the pyplot.plot.
       The marker and the linestyle must be defined using the one or two character
           abreviations shown in the help of pyplot.plot.
       Rotation of the markers must be multiple of 90.
    '''
    latexLine = {'-':'\\textbf{\Large ---}',
        '-.':'\\textbf{\Large --\:\!$\\boldsymbol{\cdot}$\:\!--}',
        '--':'\\textbf{\Large --\,--}',':':'\\textbf{\Large -\:\!-}'}
    latexSymbol = {'o':'medbullet', 'd':'diamond', 's':'filledmedsquare',
        'D':'Diamondblack', '*':'bigstar', '+':'boldsymbol{\plus}',
        'x':'boldsymbol{\\times}', 'p':'pentagon', 'h':'hexagon',
        ',':'boldsymbol{\cdot}', '_':'boldsymbol{\minus}','<':'LHD',
        '>':'RHD','v':'blacktriangledown', '^':'blacktriangle'} 
    rot90=['^','<','v','>']
    di = [0,-1,2,1][rotation%360//90]
    latexSymbol.update({rot90[i]:latexSymbol[rot90[(i+di)%4]] for i in range(4)})
    return ', '.join(['\\textcolor[rgb]{'\
            + ','.join([str(x) for x in cor.to_rgb(handle.get_color())]) +'}{'
            + '$\\'+latexSymbol.get(handle.get_marker(),';')+'$'
            + latexLine.get(handle.get_linestyle(),'') + '} ' + label 
                for handle,label in zip(*axes.get_legend_handles_labels())])

ax = plt.axes()
ax.plot(range(0,10), 'b-', label = 'Blue line')
ax.plot(range(10,0,-1), 'sm', label = 'Magenta squares')
ax.set_ylabel(legendAsLatex(ax))

ax2 = plt.twinx()
ax2.plot([x**0.5 for x in range(0,10)],  'ro', label = 'Red circles')
ax2.plot([x**0.5 for x in range(10,0,-1)],'g--', label = 'Green dashed line')
ax2.set_ylabel(legendAsLatex(ax2)) 

plt.savefig('legend.eps')

plt.close()

代码生成的图:

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