matplotlib 中的步进线图 [英] Step wise line plot in matplotlib

问题描述

我想在Matplotlib中有一个逐步的线图.线的形状应该类似于这个(见截图):

这是我当前的代码:

将pandas导入为pd从 matplotlib 导入 pyplot 作为 plt%matplotlib 内联价格= [12.05、17.69、15.31、12.75、17.18、25.05、33.19、38.56、42.9、38.29、37.06、38.94、36.36、39.45、43.97、46.14、50.96、51.04、48.85、45.6、42.38、39.83、33.53、30.03, 28.69]price_data = pd.DataFrame(prices, index=range(0, 25))fig = plt.figure(linewidth=1, figsize=(7, 5))斧= price_data.plot.line(ax = plt.gca()，color ="green")ax.set_facecolor(白色")ax.set_xlabel("时间", fontsize = 14, labelpad=8)ax.set_ylabel("价格为€/MWh", fontsize = 14,labelpad=8)ax.set_xlim(0，24)ax.set_ylim(0, 60)plt.xticks(price_data.index, labels=[f'{h:02d}:00' for h in price_data.index], rotation=90)plt.grid(axis ='y'，alpha = .4)plt.tight_layout()xticks = ['00:00'，'01:00'，'02:00'，'03:00'，'04:00'，'05:00'，'06:00'，'07:00', '08:00' ,09:00"、10:00"、11:00"、12:00"、13:00"、14:00"、15:00"、16:00"，"17:00"，"18:00"，"19:00"，"20:00"，"21:00"，"22:00"，"23:00"，"24:00"]xvals = [0, 1*12, 2*12, 3*12, 4*12, 5*12, 6*12, 7*12, 8*12, 9*12, 10*12, 11*12, 12*12、13*12、14*12、15*12、16*12, 17*12, 18*12, 19*12, 20*12, 21*12, 22*12, 23*12, 24*12]ax.set(xticks = xvals，xticklabels = xticks)ax.tick_params(axis ='both'，which ='major'，labelsize = 14)ax.legend(loc ='center left'，bbox_to_anchor =(0.03，1.15)，fontsize = 14，ncol = 3)plt.savefig('Prices.png'，edgecolor ='black'，dpi = 300，bbox_inches ='tight')plt.show()

这是我当前的输出(见截图):[

解决方案

使用@JohanC的精彩评论，这是一个解决方案.

正如他所说，去掉 xticks、xvals 等.你已经用 plt.xticks(price_data.index, labels=[f'{h:02d}:00' for h in price_data.index], rotation=90)，此外您不必自己输入 24 个不同的值.

要获得类似阶梯的图，您只需添加参数 drawstyle ="steps-pre" 或"steps-post" (或找到的其他选项)在

I would like to have a step-wise line plot in Matplotlib. The shape of the line should be similar to this one (see screenshot):

This is my current code:

import pandas as pd
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
%matplotlib inline


prices = [12.05, 17.69, 15.31, 12.75, 17.18, 25.05, 33.19, 38.56, 42.9, 38.29, 37.06, 38.94, 36.36, 39.45, 43.97, 46.14, 50.96, 51.04, 48.85, 45.6, 42.38, 39.83, 33.53, 30.03, 28.69
]


price_data = pd.DataFrame(prices, index=range(0, 25))
fig = plt.figure(linewidth=1, figsize=(7, 5))
ax = price_data.plot.line(ax=plt.gca(), color="green"  )
ax.set_facecolor("white")
ax.set_xlabel("Time of day", fontsize = 14, labelpad=8)
ax.set_ylabel("Price in €/MWh", fontsize = 14,labelpad=8)
ax.set_xlim(0, 24)
ax.set_ylim(0, 60)


plt.xticks(price_data.index, labels=[f'{h:02d}:00' for h in price_data.index], rotation=90)
plt.grid(axis='y', alpha=.4)
plt.tight_layout()
xticks = ['00:00', '01:00', '02:00' , '03:00', '04:00' , '05:00' , '06:00' , '07:00' , '08:00' , 
          '09:00' , '10:00' , '11:00' , '12:00' , '13:00' , '14:00' , '15:00' , '16:00' 
          , '17:00', '18:00', '19:00' , '20:00' , '21:00', '22:00' , '23:00' , '24:00'  ]
xvals = [0, 1*12, 2*12, 3*12, 4*12, 5*12, 6*12, 7*12, 8*12, 9*12, 10*12, 11*12, 12*12, 13*12, 14*12, 15*12, 16*12
        , 17*12, 18*12, 19*12, 20*12, 21*12, 22*12, 23*12, 24*12] 
ax.set(xticks=xvals, xticklabels=xticks)
ax.tick_params(axis='both', which='major', labelsize=14)
ax.legend(loc='center left', bbox_to_anchor=(0.03, 1.15), fontsize = 14, ncol=3)
plt.savefig('Prices.png', edgecolor='black', dpi=300, bbox_inches='tight')
plt.show()

And this is my current output (see screenshot): [

解决方案

Using @JohanC's great comments, here is a solution.

As he said, get rid of xticks, xvals, etc. You already defined your ticks properly with plt.xticks(price_data.index, labels=[f'{h:02d}:00' for h in price_data.index], rotation=90), plus you don't have to type 24 different values yourself.

To get a step-like plot, you simply need to add the argument drawstyle = "steps-pre" or "steps-post" (or other options found in the documentation) to your plotting function.

from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
%matplotlib inline

prices = [12.05, 17.69, 15.31, 12.75, 17.18, 25.05, 33.19, 38.56, 42.9, 38.29, 37.06, 38.94, 36.36, 39.45, 43.97, 46.14, 50.96, 51.04, 48.85, 45.6, 42.38, 39.83, 33.53, 30.03, 28.69]    
hours = list(range(25)) # [0, 1, 2, ... 22, 23, 24]
labels = [f'{h:02d}:00' for h in hours] # ["00:00", "01:00", ... "23:00", "24:00"]

fig = plt.figure(linewidth=1, figsize=(7, 5))
ax = plt.gca()

ax.plot(hours, prices, color="green", drawstyle="steps-post") # <- drawstyle argument.
ax.set_xlabel("Time of day", fontsize=14, labelpad=8)
ax.set_ylabel("Price in €/MWh", fontsize=14, labelpad=8)
ax.set_xlim(0, 24)
ax.set_ylim(0, 60)    
plt.xticks(hours, labels=labels, rotation=90)
plt.grid(axis='y', alpha=.4)
ax.tick_params(axis='both', which='major', labelsize=14)
# (Optional) ax.legend(loc='center left', bbox_to_anchor=(0.03, 1.15), fontsize = 14, ncol=3)
plt.tight_layout() # This must be called last, after all elements (plot and legend) are ready.
plt.savefig('Prices.png', edgecolor='black', dpi=300, bbox_inches='tight')
plt.show()

这篇关于matplotlib 中的步进线图的文章就介绍到这了，希望我们推荐的答案对大家有所帮助，也希望大家多多支持IT屋！