如何将交互式 matplotlib 图形插入到 tkinter 画布中 [英] How to insert an interactive matplotlib graph into a tkinter canvas
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问题描述
我正在尝试将交互式 matplotlib 图形(具有滑块、重置按钮和单选按钮的图形)放入 tkinter 画布中.我成功添加了一个非交互式图形，但是当它变为交互式时却找不到问题.
I am trying to place an interactive matplotlib graph (one that has Sliders, resetbutton, and Radiobuttons) into a tkinter Canvas. I have succeded in adding a noninteractive graph but cannot find the issues when it becomes interactive.
我尝试将所有内容更改为使用matplotlib Figure而不是没有运气的pyplot.
I have tried changing everything to using matplotlib Figure instead of pyplot with no luck.
由于当前编写的代码，两个类都可以工作，但是当第 59 行从 graph = FigureCanvasTkAgg(self.random_graph(),self.graph_tab) 更改为 graph = FigureCanvasTkAgg(EllipseSlider()，self.graph_tab)和 plt.show()被删除，该代码不再起作用.
As the code is currently written, both classes work but when line 59 is changed from graph = FigureCanvasTkAgg(self.random_graph(),self.graph_tab) to graph = FigureCanvasTkAgg(EllipseSlider(),self.graph_tab) and plt.show() is removed, the code no longer works.
任何帮助都会很棒.代码如下.
Any help would be great. The code is below.
import tkinter as tk
from tkinter.ttk import Notebook
from tkinter import Canvas
from tkinter import messagebox as msg
import numpy as np
from matplotlib.figure import Figure
from matplotlib.backends.backend_tkagg import FigureCanvasTkAgg
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from matplotlib.widgets import Slider, Button, RadioButtons
#----------------------------------------------------------
class LukeOutline(tk.Tk):
#------------------------------------------------------
def __init__(self):
# Inherit from tk.Tk
super().__init__()
# Title and size of the window
self.title('Luke Outline')
self.geometry('600x400')
# Create the drop down menus
self.menu = tk.Menu(self,bg='lightgrey',fg='black')
self.file_menu = tk.Menu(self.menu,tearoff=0,bg='lightgrey',fg='black')
self.file_menu.add_command(label='Add Project',command=self.unfinished)
self.file_menu.add_command(label='Quit',command=self.quit)
self.menu.add_cascade(label='File',menu=self.file_menu)
self.config(menu=self.menu)
# Create the tabs (Graph, File Explorer, etc.)
self.notebook = Notebook(self)
graph_tab = tk.Frame(self.notebook)
file_explorer_tab = tk.Frame(self.notebook)
# Sets the Graph Tab as a Canvas where figures, images, etc. can be added
self.graph_tab = tk.Canvas(graph_tab)
self.graph_tab.pack(side=tk.TOP, expand=1)
# Sets the file explorer tab as a text box (change later)
self.file_explorer_tab = tk.Text(file_explorer_tab,bg='white',fg='black')
self.file_explorer_tab.pack(side=tk.TOP, expand=1)
# Add the tabs to the GUI
self.notebook.add(graph_tab, text='Graph')
self.notebook.add(file_explorer_tab, text='Files')
self.notebook.pack(fill=tk.BOTH, expand=1)
# Add the graph to the graph tab
#graph = FigureCanvasTkAgg(self.random_graph(),self.graph_tab)
graph = FigureCanvasTkAgg(self.random_graph(),self.graph_tab)
graph.get_tk_widget().pack(side='top',fill='both',expand=True)
graph.draw()
#------------------------------------------------------
def quit(self):
'''
Quit the program
'''
self.destroy()
#------------------------------------------------------
def unfinished(self):
'''
Messagebox for unfinished items
'''
msg.showinfo('Unfinished','This feature has not been finished')
#------------------------------------------------------
def random_graph(self):
x = list(range(0,10))
y = [i**3 for i in x]
fig = Figure()
axes = fig.add_subplot(111)
axes.plot(x,y,label=r'$x^3$')
axes.legend()
return fig
#----------------------------------------------------------
class EllipseSlider():
#------------------------------------------------------
def __init__(self):
# Initial values
self.u = 0. #x-position of the center
self.v = 0. #y-position of the center
self.a = 2. #radius on the x-axis
self.b = 1.5 #radius on the y-axis
# Points to plot against
self.t = np.linspace(0, 2*np.pi, 100)
# Set up figure with centered axes and grid
self.fig, self.ax = plt.subplots()
self.ax.set_aspect(aspect='equal')
self.ax.spines['left'].set_position('center')
self.ax.spines['bottom'].set_position('center')
self.ax.spines['right'].set_color('none')
self.ax.spines['top'].set_color('none')
self.ax.xaxis.set_ticks_position('bottom')
self.ax.yaxis.set_ticks_position('left')
self.ax.set_xlim(-2,2)
self.ax.set_ylim(-2,2)
plt.grid(color='lightgray',linestyle='--')
# Initial plot
self.l, = self.ax.plot(self.u+self.a*np.cos(self.t),
self.v+self.b*np.sin(self.t),'k')
# Slider setup
self.axcolor = 'lightgoldenrodyellow'
self.axb = plt.axes([0.25, 0.1, 0.65, 0.03], facecolor=self.axcolor)
self.axa = plt.axes([0.25, 0.15, 0.65, 0.03], facecolor=self.axcolor)
self.sb = Slider(self.axb, 'Y Radius', 0.1, 2.0, valinit=self.b)
self.sa = Slider(self.axa, 'X Radius', 0.1, 2.0, valinit=self.a)
# Call update as slider is changed
self.sb.on_changed(self.update)
self.sa.on_changed(self.update)
# Reset if reset button is pushed
self.resetax = plt.axes([0.8,0.025,0.1,0.04])
self.button = Button(self.resetax, 'Reset', color=self.axcolor, hovercolor='0.975')
self.button.on_clicked(self.reset)
# Color button setup
self.rax = plt.axes([0.025, 0.5, 0.15, 0.15], facecolor=self.axcolor)
self.radio = RadioButtons(self.rax, ('red', 'blue', 'green'), active=0)
self.radio.on_clicked(self.colorfunc)
# Show the plot
plt.show()
#------------------------------------------------------
def update(self, val):
'''
Updates the plot as sliders are moved
'''
self.a = self.sa.val
self.b = self.sb.val
self.l.set_xdata(self.u+self.a*np.cos(self.t))
self.l.set_ydata(self.u+self.b*np.sin(self.t))
#------------------------------------------------------
def reset(self, event):
'''
Resets everything if reset button clicked
'''
self.sb.reset()
self.sa.reset()
#------------------------------------------------------
def colorfunc(self, label):
'''
Changes color of the plot when button clicked
'''
self.l.set_color(label)
self.fig.canvas.draw_idle()
#----------------------------------------------------------
if __name__ == '__main__':
#luke_gui = LukeOutline()
#luke_gui.mainloop()
es = EllipseSlider()
推荐答案
我知道了.所有需要做的就是在FigureCanvasTkAgg行之前声明一个Figure，然后在将fig传递给它之后创建该图.此外，我需要将所有对 pyplot 的调用更改为与 Figure 一起使用的内容.
I figured it out. All that needs to be done is that a Figure needs to be declared before the FigureCanvasTkAgg line and then the graph can be created after with passing fig to it. Also, I needed to change all calls to pyplot to things that worked with Figure.
有效的代码如下.
import tkinter as tk
from tkinter.ttk import Notebook
from tkinter import Canvas
from tkinter import messagebox as msg
import numpy as np
from matplotlib.figure import Figure
from matplotlib.backends.backend_tkagg import FigureCanvasTkAgg
from matplotlib.widgets import Slider, Button, RadioButtons
#----------------------------------------------------------
class LukeOutline(tk.Tk):
#------------------------------------------------------
def __init__(self):
# Inherit from tk.Tk
super().__init__()
# Title and size of the window
self.title('Luke Outline')
self.geometry('600x400')
# Create the drop down menus
self.menu = tk.Menu(self,bg='lightgrey',fg='black')
self.file_menu = tk.Menu(self.menu,tearoff=0,bg='lightgrey',fg='black')
self.file_menu.add_command(label='Add Project',command=self.unfinished)
self.file_menu.add_command(label='Quit',command=self.quit)
self.menu.add_cascade(label='File',menu=self.file_menu)
self.config(menu=self.menu)
# Create the tabs (Graph, File Explorer, etc.)
self.notebook = Notebook(self)
graph_tab = tk.Frame(self.notebook)
file_explorer_tab = tk.Frame(self.notebook)
# Sets the Graph Tab as a Canvas where figures, images, etc. can be added
self.graph_tab = tk.Canvas(graph_tab)
self.graph_tab.pack(side=tk.TOP, expand=1)
# Sets the file explorer tab as a text box (change later)
self.file_explorer_tab = tk.Text(file_explorer_tab,bg='white',fg='black')
self.file_explorer_tab.pack(side=tk.TOP, expand=1)
# Add the tabs to the GUI
self.notebook.add(graph_tab, text='Graph')
self.notebook.add(file_explorer_tab, text='Files')
self.notebook.pack(fill=tk.BOTH, expand=1)
# Add the graph to the graph tab
self.fig = Figure()
graph = FigureCanvasTkAgg(self.fig,self.graph_tab)
graph.get_tk_widget().pack(side='top',fill='both',expand=True)
EllipseSlider(self.fig)
#------------------------------------------------------
def quit(self):
'''
Quit the program
'''
self.destroy()
#------------------------------------------------------
def unfinished(self):
'''
Messagebox for unfinished items
'''
msg.showinfo('Unfinished','This feature has not been finished')
#------------------------------------------------------
def random_graph(self):
x = list(range(0,10))
y = [i**3 for i in x]
fig = Figure()
axes = fig.add_subplot(111)
axes.plot(x,y,label=r'$x^3$')
axes.legend()
return fig
#----------------------------------------------------------
class EllipseSlider():
#------------------------------------------------------
def __init__(self,fig):
self.fig = fig
# Initial values
self.u = 0. #x-position of the center
self.v = 0. #y-position of the center
self.a = 2. #radius on the x-axis
self.b = 1.5 #radius on the y-axis
# Points to plot against
self.t = np.linspace(0, 2*np.pi, 100)
# Set up figure with centered axes and grid
self.ax = self.fig.add_subplot(111)
self.ax.set_aspect(aspect='equal')
self.ax.spines['left'].set_position('center')
self.ax.spines['bottom'].set_position('center')
self.ax.spines['right'].set_color('none')
self.ax.spines['top'].set_color('none')
self.ax.xaxis.set_ticks_position('bottom')
self.ax.yaxis.set_ticks_position('left')
self.ax.set_xlim(-2,2)
self.ax.set_ylim(-2,2)
self.ax.grid(color='lightgray',linestyle='--')
# Initial plot
self.l, = self.ax.plot(self.u+self.a*np.cos(self.t),
self.v+self.b*np.sin(self.t),'k')
# Slider setup
self.axcolor = 'lightgoldenrodyellow'
self.axb = self.fig.add_axes([0.25, 0.1, 0.65, 0.03], facecolor=self.axcolor)
self.axa = self.fig.add_axes([0.25, 0.15, 0.65, 0.03], facecolor=self.axcolor)
self.sb = Slider(self.axb, 'Y Radius', 0.1, 2.0, valinit=self.b)
self.sa = Slider(self.axa, 'X Radius', 0.1, 2.0, valinit=self.a)
# Call update as slider is changed
self.sb.on_changed(self.update)
self.sa.on_changed(self.update)
# Reset if reset button is pushed
self.resetax = self.fig.add_axes([0.8,0.025,0.1,0.04])
self.button = Button(self.resetax, 'Reset', color=self.axcolor, hovercolor='0.975')
self.button.on_clicked(self.reset)
# Color button setup
self.rax = self.fig.add_axes([0.025, 0.5, 0.15, 0.15], facecolor=self.axcolor)
self.radio = RadioButtons(self.rax, ('red', 'blue', 'green'), active=0)
self.radio.on_clicked(self.colorfunc)
#------------------------------------------------------
def update(self, val):
'''
Updates the plot as sliders are moved
'''
self.a = self.sa.val
self.b = self.sb.val
self.l.set_xdata(self.u+self.a*np.cos(self.t))
self.l.set_ydata(self.u+self.b*np.sin(self.t))
#------------------------------------------------------
def reset(self, event):
'''
Resets everything if reset button clicked
'''
self.sb.reset()
self.sa.reset()
#------------------------------------------------------
def colorfunc(self, label):
'''
Changes color of the plot when button clicked
'''
self.l.set_color(label)
self.fig.canvas.draw_idle()
#----------------------------------------------------------
if __name__ == '__main__':
luke_gui = LukeOutline()
luke_gui.mainloop()
'''
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