拆分逗号分隔的整数串 [英] Splitting a comma-delimited string of integers
问题描述
我的背景是不是在C(它在真正的工作室 - 类似于VB),我真的很挣扎,因为我不习惯低级别的字符串处理拆分逗号分隔字符串
My background is not in C (it's in Real Studio - similar to VB) and I'm really struggling to split a comma-delimited string since I'm not used to low-level string handling.
我通过串口发送字符串一个Arduino。这些字符串是在一定的格式的命令。例如:
I'm sending strings to an Arduino over serial. These strings are commands in a certain format. For instance:
@20,2000,5!
@10,423,0!
@是表示一个新的命令和标题!是终止页脚标记命令的结束。后@的第一个整数是命令ID和剩余的整数是数据(作为数据传递整数的数目可以是从0的任何地方 - 10的整数)
'@' is the header indicating a new command and '!' is the terminating footer marking the end of a command. The first integer after '@' is the command id and the remaining integers are data (the number of integers passed as data may be anywhere from 0 - 10 integers).
我写了一个小品,获取命令(剥离的'@'和'!'),并调用一个函数叫做 handleCommand()时,有一个
命令来处理。问题是,我真的不知道如何分割此命令,以处理它!
I've written a sketch that gets the command (stripped of the '@' and '!') and calls a function called handleCommand()
when there is a command to handle. The problem is, I really don't know how to split this command up to handle it!
下面的草图code:
String command; // a string to hold the incoming command
boolean commandReceived = false; // whether the command has been received in full
void setup() {
// put your setup code here, to run once:
Serial.begin(9600);
}
void loop() {
// main loop
handleCommand();
}
void serialEvent(){
while (Serial.available()) {
// all we do is construct the incoming command to be handled in the main loop
// get the incoming byte from the serial stream
char incomingByte = (char)Serial.read();
if (incomingByte == '!')
{
// marks the end of a command
commandReceived = true;
return;
}
else if (incomingByte == '@')
{
// marks the start of a new command
command = "";
commandReceived = false;
return;
}
else
{
command += incomingByte;
return;
}
}
}
void handleCommand() {
if (!commandReceived) return; // no command to handle
// variables to hold the command id and the command data
int id;
int data[9];
// NOT SURE WHAT TO DO HERE!!
// flag that we've handled the command
commandReceived = false;
}
说我的电脑发送的Arduino字符串@ 20,2000,5!。我的素描结束了一个字符串变量(称为命令
),其中包含20,2000,5和 commandRecieved
因此 handleCommand()
函数被调用布尔变量设置为True。
Say my PC sends the Arduino the string "@20,2000,5!". My sketch ends up with a String variable (called command
) that contains "20,2000,5" and the commandRecieved
boolean variable is set to True so the handleCommand()
function is called.
我想什么了(目前没用) handleCommand()
功能做的就是分配20到名为变量ID
和2000年5整数数组名为数据
,即:数据[0] = 2000
, 数据[1] = 5
等
What I would like to do in the (currently useless) handleCommand()
function is assign 20 to a variable called id
and 2000 and 5 to an array of integers called data
, i.e: data[0] = 2000
, data[1] = 5
, etc.
我读过有关的strtok()
和的atoi()
,但坦白说,我只是不能让我的头部周围和指针的概念。我敢肯定,我的Arduino草图可以过优化。
I've read about strtok()
and atoi()
but frankly I just can't get my head around them and the concept of pointers. I'm sure my Arduino sketch could be optimised too.
推荐答案
由于您使用Arduino的核心字符串
键入 strtok的
等文件string.h
功能是不恰当的。请注意,您可以更改code使用标准的C语言的零终止字符串代替,但使用Arduino的字符串
将让你这样做不使用指针。
Since you're using the Arduino core String
type, strtok
and other string.h
functions aren't appropriate. Note that you can change your code to use standard C null-terminated strings instead, but using Arduino String
will let you do this without using pointers.
假设用字符串 @
和!
扒掉,找到你的命令和参数会是这个样子
Assuming a String with the @
and !
stripped off, finding your command and arguments would look something like this:
// given: String command
int data[MAX_ARGS];
int numArgs = 0;
int beginIdx = 0;
int idx = command.indexOf(",");
String arg;
char charBuffer[16];
while (idx != -1)
{
arg = command.substring(beginIdx, idx);
arg.toCharArray(charBuffer, 16);
// add error handling for atoi:
data[numArgs++] = atoi(charBuffer);
beginIdx = idx + 1;
idx = command.indexOf(",", beginIdx);
}
data[numArgs++] = command.substring(beginIdx);
这会给你整个命令在数据
阵列,包括命令数量数据[0]
,而您指定只有ARGS应该在数据
。但是,必要的修改是次要的。
This will give you your entire command in the data
array, including the command number at data[0]
, while you've specified that only the args should be in data
. But the necessary changes are minor.
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