我如何执行嵌套的“连接"?(加入 3 个或更多集合)在 MongoDB 聚合管道中? [英] How can I perform nested "joins" (joining 3 or more collections) in a MongoDB aggregation pipeline?

问题描述

假设我们在 MongoDB 中有 3 个假设集合:customers、orders 和 orderItems.

每个客户有多个订单，每个订单有多个订单商品.

以下是这 3 个集合的一些示例数据:

客户

<预><代码>[{客户 ID:1，姓名:吉姆·史密斯"，电子邮件:[e-mail]"},{客户 ID:2，名称:鲍勃·琼斯"，电子邮件:[e-mail]"}]

订单

<预><代码>[{order_id: 1,客户 ID:1},{order_id: 2,客户 ID:1}]

订单项

<预><代码>[{order_item_id: 1,名称:Foo"，价格:4.99，订单 ID:1},{order_item_id: 2,名称:酒吧"，价格:17.99，订单 ID:1},{order_item_id: 3,名称: "baz",价格:24.99，订单 ID:2}]

想要的结果

如何编写聚合管道，使返回的结果看起来像这样?

<预><代码>[{客户 ID:1，姓名:吉姆·史密斯"，电子邮件:[e-mail]"命令: [{order_id: 1,项目: [{名称:Foo"，价格:4.99},{名称:酒吧"，价格:17.99}]},{order_id: 2,项目: [{名称: "baz",价格:24.99}]}]},{客户 ID:2，名称:鲍勃·琼斯"，电子邮件:[e-mail]"命令: []}]

解决方案

使用 使用管道查找,

• $lookup 和 orders 集合，
  • let，定义来自主集合的变量 customer_id，使用 $$ 像 $ 一样在管道内访问这个引用变量$customer_id,
  • pipeline 可以像在根级管道中一样添加管道阶段
  • $expr 每当我们匹配内部字段时，它都需要表达式匹配条件，所以 $$customer_id 是在 let 中声明的父集合字段，并且$customer_id 是子集合/当前集合的字段
• $lookup 和 orderitems 集合

db.customers.aggregate([{$查找:{来自:订单"，让:{customer_id:$customer_id"；},管道:[{ $match: { $expr: { $eq: ["$$customer_id", "$customer_id"] } } },{$查找:{来自:订单项"，本地字段:order_id"，外国字段:order_id"，如:物品"}}],如:订单"}}])

游乐场

---

<块引用>

提示:

在 NoSQL 中，一些连接被认为是不好的做法，我建议您是否可以将订单项作为数组添加到订单集合中，您可以为订单项保存一个连接过程，请参阅 游乐场

Let's say we have 3 hypothetical collections in MongoDB: customers, orders, and orderItems.

Each customer has multiple orders, and each order has multiple order items.

Here's some sample data for these 3 collections:

customers

[
    {
        customer_id: 1,
        name: "Jim Smith",
        email: "[e-mail]"
    },
    {
        customer_id: 2,
        name: "Bob Jones",
        email: "[e-mail]"
    }
]

orders

[
    {
        order_id: 1,
        customer_id: 1
    },
    {
        order_id: 2,
        customer_id: 1
    }
]

orderItems

[
    {
        order_item_id: 1,
        name: "Foo",
        price: 4.99,
        order_id: 1
    },
    {
        order_item_id: 2,
        name: "Bar",
        price: 17.99,
        order_id: 1
    },
    {
        order_item_id: 3,
        name: "baz",
        price: 24.99,
        order_id: 2
    }
]

Desired Result

How can I write my aggregation pipeline so that the result returned looks something like this?

[
    {
        customer_id: 1,
        name: "Jim Smith",
        email: "[e-mail]"
        orders: [
            {
                order_id: 1,
                items: [
                    {
                        name: "Foo",
                        price: 4.99
                    },
                    {
                        name: "Bar",
                        price: 17.99
                    }
                ]
            },
            {
                order_id: 2,
                items: [
                    {
                        name: "baz",
                        price: 24.99
                    }
                ]
            }
        ]
    },
    {
        customer_id: 2,
        name: "Bob Jones",
        email: "[e-mail]"
        orders: []
    }
]

解决方案

Do nested lookup using lookup with pipeline,

• $lookup with orders collection,
  • let, define variable customer_id that is from main collection, to access this reference variable inside pipeline using $$ like $$customer_id,
  • pipeline can add pipeline stages same as we do in root level pipeline
  • $expr whenever we match internal fields it requires expression match condition, so $$customer_id is parent collection field that declared in let and $customer_id is child collection's/current collection's field
• $lookup with orderitems collection

db.customers.aggregate([
  {
    $lookup: {
      from: "orders",
      let: { customer_id: "$customer_id" },
      pipeline: [
        { $match: { $expr: { $eq: ["$$customer_id", "$customer_id"] } } },
        {
          $lookup: {
            from: "orderitems",
            localField: "order_id",
            foreignField: "order_id",
            as: "items"
          }
        }
      ],
      as: "orders"
    }
  }
])

Playground

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Tip:

Several joins considered as bad practice in NoSQL, I would suggest if you could add your order items in orders collection as array, you can save one join process for orderitems, see improved version in playground

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