安装树莓派交叉编译器 [英] Installing Raspberry Pi Cross-Compiler

问题描述

我试图让交叉编译为树莓派我的Ubuntu的机器上工作。

I am attempting to get cross-compiling for Raspberry Pi working on my Ubuntu machine.

在我最初的尝试，我用手臂Linux的gnueabi编译器，它可以在Ubuntu回购。我得到这个工作。我是能够建立我所有的依赖和使用交叉编译器在我的cmake的项目。

During my initial attempts I was using the arm-linux-gnueabi compiler, which is available in the Ubuntu repo. I got this working. I was able to build all my dependencies and use the cross-compiler in my cmake project.

不过，我相信我应该使用高频版本，所以我切换到臂Linux的gnueabihf。后来我意识到，既然是ARMv6的，这并不与树莓派工作。

However, I believe I should be using the hf version, so I switched to arm-linux-gnueabihf. Then I realized that this does not work with Raspberry Pi since it is armv6.

在一些谷歌搜索，我发现再从GitHub的pre-内置工具链： https://github.com/raspberrypi/tool​​s 。

After some Googling, I then found the pre-built toolchain from GitHub: https://github.com/raspberrypi/tools.

我下载的工具链，但我真的不知道如何安装了。我将文件解压缩到我的主目录。目录结构是这样的：

I downloaded the toolchain, but I don't really understand how to "install" it. I extracted the files to my home directory. The directory structure looks like this:

/gcc-linearo-arm-linux-gnueabihf-raspbian
    /arm-linux-gnueabihf
        /bin
            (contains g++, gcc, etc)
        /lib
            (contains libstdc++ library)
    /bin
        (contains arm-linux-gnueabihf-g++, arm-linux-gnueabihf-...)
    /lib
        (gcc lib stuff)

如果我更改目录我能够编译来自终端的测试程序没有任何问题的内部bin文件夹。

If I change directory to the INNER bin folder I am able to compile a test program from the terminal without any problems.

~/tools/arm-bcm2708/gcc-linaro-arm-linux-gnueabihf-raspbian/
arm-linux-gnueabihf/bin$ g++ test.cpp -o test

我又试图在外部bin文件夹，其中包含的工具prefixed版本编译测试程序。

I then tried to compile a test program in the OUTER bin folder, which contains the prefixed versions of the tools.

 ~/tools/arm-bcm2708/gcc-linaro-arm-linux-gnueabihf-raspbian/bin$ 
 arm-linux-gnueabihf-g++ test.cpp -o test

然而，当我现在尝试使用编译器（从内bin目录外），无法找到自带的工具链的libstdc ++共享库：

However, when I try to use the compiler now (from outside the inner bin directory), it is unable to find the libstdc++ shared library that comes with the toolchain:

arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc: error while loading shared libraries: 
libstdc++.so.6: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory.

此外，我希望能够使用编译器，而无需导航到bin目录。所以我尝试添加外bin目录（因为我想要的prefixed版本）和两个lib目录到我的路径：

Furthermore, I want to be able to use the compiler without having to navigate to the bin directory. So I tried adding the OUTER bin directory (since I want the prefixed versions) and both lib directories to my PATH:

export PATH=$PATH:~/tools/.../bin
export PATH=$PATH:~/tools/.../lib
export PATH=$PATH:~/tools/.../.../lib

然而，这导致在相同的错误。我应该如何安装的工具链，这样我可以从各处使用的工具链，就像我可以当我使用交叉编译器从Ubuntu的回购？

However, this results in the same error. How should I "install" the toolchain so that I can use the toolchain from everywhere, just like I can when I use the cross-compilers from the Ubuntu repo?

推荐答案

我要去尝试这样就很容易跟着写这作为一个教程适合你。

I'm gonna try to write this as a tutorial for you so it becomes easy to follow.

开始之前，你需要确保以下安装：

Before you start you need to make sure the following is installed:

apt-get install git rsync cmake ia32-libs

让我们交叉编译一个饼！

开始与称为你的home目录将文件夹树莓派。

进去这个文件夹并拉下整个Tools文件夹，你上面提到的：

Go in to this folder and pull down the ENTIRE tools folder you mentioned above:

git clone git://github.com/raspberrypi/tools.git

您想使用3的人的下面， GCC-Linaro的臂-Linux的gnueabihf-raspbian ，如果我没读错了。

You wanted to use the following of the 3 ones, gcc-linaro-arm-linux-gnueabihf-raspbian, if I did not read wrong.

进入您的主目录，并添加：

Go into your home directory and add:

export PATH=$PATH:$HOME/raspberrypi/tools/arm-bcm2708/gcc-linaro-arm-linux-gnueabihf-raspbian/bin

要命名文件的末尾〜/ .bashrc中

现在您可以注销并重新登录（即重新启动终端会话），或运行。在〜/ .bashrc 在终端拿起 PATH 此外在当前终端会话。

Now you can either log out and log back in (i.e. restart your terminal session), or run . ~/.bashrc in your terminal to pick up the PATH addition in your current terminal session.

现在，验证您可以访问编译器 ARM-Linux的gnueabihf-GCC -v 。你应该得到的东西是这样的：

Now, verify that you can access the compiler arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc -v. You should get something like this:

Using built-in specs.
COLLECT_GCC=arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc
COLLECT_LTO_WRAPPER=/home/tudhalyas/raspberrypi/tools/arm-bcm2708/gcc-linaro-arm-linux-gnueabihf-raspbian/bin/../libexec/gcc/arm-linux-gnueabihf/4.7.2/lto-wrapper
Target: arm-linux-gnueabihf
Configured with: /cbuild/slaves/oort61/crosstool-ng/builds/arm-linux-gnueabihf-raspbian-linux/.b
 uild/src/gcc-linaro-4.7-2012.08/configure --build=i686-build_pc-linux-gnu --host=i686-build_pc-
 linux-gnu --target=arm-linux-gnueabihf --prefix=/cbuild/slaves/oort61/crosstool-ng/builds/arm-l
 inux-gnueabihf-raspbian-linux/install --with-sysroot=/cbuild/slaves/oort61/crosstool-ng/builds/
 arm-linux-gnueabihf-raspbian-linux/install/arm-linux-gnueabihf/libc --enable-languages=c,c++,fo
 rtran --disable-multilib --with-arch=armv6 --with-tune=arm1176jz-s --with-fpu=vfp --with-float=
 hard --with-pkgversion='crosstool-NG linaro-1.13.1+bzr2458 - Linaro GCC 2012.08' --with-bugurl=
 https://bugs.launchpad.net/gcc-linaro --enable-__cxa_atexit --enable-libmudflap --enable-libgom
 p --enable-libssp --with-gmp=/cbuild/slaves/oort61/crosstool-ng/builds/arm-linux-gnueabihf-rasp
 bian-linux/.build/arm-linux-gnueabihf/build/static --with-mpfr=/cbuild/slaves/oort61/crosstool-
 ng/builds/arm-linux-gnueabihf-raspbian-linux/.build/arm-linux-gnueabihf/build/static --with-mpc
 =/cbuild/slaves/oort61/crosstool-ng/builds/arm-linux-gnueabihf-raspbian-linux/.build/arm-linux-
 gnueabihf/build/static --with-ppl=/cbuild/slaves/oort61/crosstool-ng/builds/arm-linux-gnueabihf
 -raspbian-linux/.build/arm-linux-gnueabihf/build/static --with-cloog=/cbuild/slaves/oort61/cros
 stool-ng/builds/arm-linux-gnueabihf-raspbian-linux/.build/arm-linux-gnueabihf/build/static --wi
 th-libelf=/cbuild/slaves/oort61/crosstool-ng/builds/arm-linux-gnueabihf-raspbian-linux/.build/a
 rm-linux-gnueabihf/build/static --with-host-libstdcxx='-L/cbuild/slaves/oort61/crosstool-ng/bui
 lds/arm-linux-gnueabihf-raspbian-linux/.build/arm-linux-gnueabihf/build/static/lib -lpwl' --ena
 ble-threads=posix --disable-libstdcxx-pch --enable-linker-build-id --enable-plugin --enable-gol
 d --with-local-prefix=/cbuild/slaves/oort61/crosstool-ng/builds/arm-linux-gnueabihf-raspbian-li
 nux/install/arm-linux-gnueabihf/libc --enable-c99 --enable-long-long
Thread model: posix
gcc version 4.7.2 20120731 (prerelease) (crosstool-NG linaro-1.13.1+bzr2458 - Linaro GCC 2012.08
 )

但是，嘿！我这样做，和库仍然没有工作！

我们还没有完成！到目前为止，我们只是做了基础。

But hey! I did that and the libs still don't work!

We're not done yet! So far, we've only done the basics.

在你的树莓派文件夹，创建一个名为根文件系统文件夹。

In your raspberrypi folder, make a folder called rootfs.

现在，您需要将整个 / lib目录和的/ usr 目录复制到新创建的文件夹中。我通常把RPI图像并通过rsync复制：

Now you need to copy the entire /liband /usr directory to this newly created folder. I usually bring the rpi image up and copy it via rsync:

rsync -rl --delete-after --safe-links [e-mail]:/{lib,usr} $HOME/raspberrypi/rootfs

其中， 192.168.1.PI 由的IP取代你的树莓派。

where 192.168.1.PI is replaced by the IP of your Raspberry Pi.

现在，我们需要编写一个 cmake的配置文件。在你喜欢的编辑器中打开〜/家/树莓派/ pi.cmake 并插入以下内容：

Now, we need to write a cmake config file. Open ~/home/raspberrypi/pi.cmake in your favorite editor and insert the following:

SET(CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME Linux)
SET(CMAKE_SYSTEM_VERSION 1)
SET(CMAKE_C_COMPILER $ENV{HOME}/raspberrypi/tools/arm-bcm2708/gcc-linaro-arm-linux-gnueabihf-raspbian/bin/arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc)
SET(CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER $ENV{HOME}/raspberrypi/tools/arm-bcm2708/gcc-linaro-arm-linux-gnueabihf-raspbian/bin/arm-linux-gnueabihf-g++)
SET(CMAKE_FIND_ROOT_PATH $ENV{HOME}/raspberrypi/rootfs)
SET(CMAKE_FIND_ROOT_PATH_MODE_PROGRAM NEVER)
SET(CMAKE_FIND_ROOT_PATH_MODE_LIBRARY ONLY)
SET(CMAKE_FIND_ROOT_PATH_MODE_INCLUDE ONLY)

现在你应该可以编译你的 cmake的程序简单地通过增加这一额外的标志： -D CMAKE_TOOLCHAIN​​_FILE = $ HOME /树莓派/ PI。 cmake的。

Now you should be able to compile your cmake programs simply by adding this extra flag: -D CMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE=$HOME/raspberrypi/pi.cmake.

使用 cmake的世界你好例如：

git clone https://github.com/jameskbride/cmake-hello-world.git 
cd cmake-hello-world
mkdir build
cd build
cmake -D CMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE=$HOME/raspberrypi/pi.cmake ../
make
scp CMakeHelloWorld [e-mail]:/home/pi/
ssh [e-mail] ./CMakeHelloWorld

这篇关于安装树莓派交叉编译器的文章就介绍到这了，希望我们推荐的答案对大家有所帮助，也希望大家多多支持IT屋！