C# 线程:在其上下文中的不同线程上调用函数并返回结果 [英] C# threading: calling a function on a different thread in its context and returning results

问题描述

这可能是一个非常幼稚的问题:

This might be a very naive question:

我正在尝试创建一个使用 ZeroMQ 与多个服务器进行通信的客户端应用程序.客户端希望向这些服务器发送大量请求并获得对它们的响应(因此 req-rep 模式).

I'm trying to create a client application that uses ZeroMQ for communicating to multiple servers. The client would like to send a large number of requests to these servers and get responses to them (so req-rep pattern).

我面临的问题是 ZeroMQ 套接字应该只在它们创建的线程中使用.

The issue I'm facing is that ZeroMQ sockets should only be used in the threads they are created on.

一种方法是在新任务中调用每个请求:在任务内部，创建连接，发送请求并获得响应.但是，连接设置非常昂贵.

One way is to invoke each of the requests in a new task: inside the task, create a connection, send request and get response. However, the connection setup is very expensive.

第二种方法可能是在不同线程中打开与服务器的连接；然后以某种方式在与线程相同的上下文中调用发送例程并获得结果.C#中有没有办法从线程Y调用线程X上的函数，但是在线程X的上下文中执行然后得到返回值?

A second way might be to have the connection open to servers in different threads; then somehow invoke the sending routine in the same context as the thread and get results. Is there a way in C# to call a function on thread X from thread Y, but execute it in the context of thread X and then get a return value?

我知道这可能是一个糟糕的方法.在没有太多开销的情况下实现我想要的最佳方法是什么?

I understand this might be a bad approach. What is the best way to achieve what I want without much overhead?

推荐答案

处理此类场景的典型方法是设置一个 SynchronizationContext.尽管最常见的示例都围绕 UI 线程展开，但该课程正是针对这种类型的场景.

The typical means of handling this type of scenario is to setup a SynchronizationContext. This class is intended for exactly that type of scenario, though the most common examples revolve around the UI thread.

您可以使用SynchronizationContext.Post 异步向该上下文(线程)发送消息"，该上下文(线程)将在完成后接收回调.这可以通过 TPL 简化，它特别允许您从 SynchronizationContext 创建一个 TaskScheduler，这反过来又允许您安排 Task> 在自定义上下文中运行.

You can use SynchronizationContext.Post to asynchronously post a "message" to that context (thread) which will receive a callback upon completion. This can be simplified with the TPL, which specifically allows you to create a TaskScheduler from a SynchronizationContext, which in turn will allow you to schedule a Task to run on a custom context.

使用 C# 5，这变得非常有用，因为您可以使用 async/await 来同步您的调用并将工作推送到/从这些线程".

With C# 5, this becomes incredibly useful, as you can then use async/await to synchronize your calls and push work to/from these "threads".

有关实现示例，请参阅ActionDispatcherSynchronizationContext 在 Nito 异步库中.

For an implementation example, see the ActionDispatcherSynchronizationContext within the Nito Asynchronous Library.

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