对象存储和文件存储的区别 [英] Difference between Object Storage And File Storage
问题描述
谁能解释一下对象存储和文件存储之间的区别是什么?
Could someone explain what difference between Object Storage and File Storage is please?
我在 wiki 上阅读了对象存储，我还阅读了 http://www.dell.com/downloads/global/products/pvaul/en/object-storage-overview.pdf，我还阅读了 amazons docs(S3)、openstack swift 等.但是有人能给我一个例子来更好地理解吗?
I read about Object Storage on wiki, also I read http://www.dell.com/downloads/global/products/pvaul/en/object-storage-overview.pdf, also I read amazons docs(S3), openstack swift and etc. But could someone give me an example to understand better?
唯一不同的是，对于对象存储"对象，我们添加了更多元数据?
All the difference is only that for 'object storage' objects we add more metadata?
例如如何使用某种编程语言(例如python)存储类似对象的图像?
For example how to store image like object using some programming language (for example python)?
谢谢.
推荐答案
IMO，对象存储与规模无关，因为有人可以构建一个能够存储大量文件的 FS，即使在单个目录中.
IMO, Object storage has nothing to do with scale because someone could build a FS which is capable of storing a huge number of files, even in a single directory.
这也与访问方法无关.许多著名的 NAS 系统都可以通过 HTTP 访问文件系统中的数据.
It is also not about the access methods. HTTP access to data in filesystems has been available in many well known NAS systems.
通过 OID 存储/访问是一种无需为命名而处理数据的方法.它也可以在文件上完成.我相信有一个 NFS 协议扩展允许这样做.
Storage/Access by OID is a way to handle data without bothering about naming it. It could be done on files too. I believe there is an NFS protocol extension that allows this.
我想强调一下:对象存储是一种(新的/不同的)以对象为中心"的数据、访问和管理方式.
I would muster this: Object storage is a (new/different) ''object centric'' way of thinking of data, its access and management.
考虑以下几点:
今天的快照是什么?它们是卷的时间点副本.拍摄快照时，卷中的所有文件也会被捕捉.不管大家喜不喜欢，不管大家是否需要.一个完整的卷快照可以使用(浪费?)大量空间，而只需要捕捉几个文件.
What are snapshots today? They are point in time copies of a volume. When a snapshot is taken, all files in the volume are snapped too. Whether all of them like it or not, whether all of them need it or not. A lot of space can get used(wasted?) for a complete volume snapshot while only a few files needed to be snapped.
在对象存储系统中，您很少会看到卷的快照，对象可能会自动进行快照.这是对象版本控制.不需要对所有对象进行版本控制，每个单独的对象都可以判断它是否已进行版本控制.
In an object storage system, you will rarely see snapshots of volumes, objects will be snapshot-ed, perhaps automatically. This is object versioning. All objects need not be versioned, each individual object can tell if it is versioned.
如何保护文件/卷免受灾难?通常，在灾难恢复 (DR) 设置中，设置整个卷/卷集以复制到 DR 站点.同样，这并不影响是否要复制单个文件.防灾的单位是体积.文件很小.
How are files/volumes protected from a disaster? Typically, in a Disaster Recovery(DR) setup, entire volumes/volume-sets are setup for replication to a DR site. Again, this does not bother whether individual files want to be replicated or not. The unit of disaster protection is the volume. Files are small fry.
在对象存储系统中，DR 不是以卷为中心的.对象元数据可以决定应该存在多少副本以及在哪里(地理位置/故障域).
In an object storage system, DR is not volume centric. Object metadata can decide how many copies should exist and where(geo locations/fault domains).
其他功能类似:
分层 - 根据独立于其他无关对象的元数据放置在存储层/类中的对象.
Tiering - Objects placed in storage tiers/classes based on its metadata independent of other unrelated objects.
生命 - 对象在层之间移动，更改副本数量等，单独而不是作为一个组.
Life - Objects move between tiers, change the number of copies, etc, individually, instead of as a group.
身份验证 - 如果需要，可以从不同的身份验证域对单个对象进行身份验证.
Authentication - Individual objects can get authenticated from different authentication domains if required.
如您所见，思维方式的变化在于，在对象存储中，一切都与对象有关.
As you can see, the change in thinking is that in an object store, everything is about an object.
将此与传统的思考、管理和访问较大容器(如卷(包含文件)不是对象存储的方式)形成对比.
Contrast this with the traditional way of thinking about and management and access larger containers like volumes(containing files) is not object storage.
上述特征及其以对象为中心的特性非常符合非结构化数据的要求，因此很受关注.
The features above and their object-centric-ness fits well with the requirements of unstructured data and hence the interest.
如果一个存储系统在其思想中是以对象(或文件)为中心，而不是以卷为中心，(无论访问协议或规模如何)，它就是一个对象存储系统.
If a storage system is object(or file) centric instead of volume centric in its thinking, (irrespective of the access protocol or the scale,) it is an object storage system.
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