约束优化 R:另一个例子 [英] constrained optimization R: another example

问题描述

我正在尝试在 R 中执行约束优化.我看过这些帖子和其他一些帖子:

I am attempting to perform constrained optimization in R. I have looked at these posts and a couple of others:

R 中的约束优化

R 中的函数约束优化

上面的第一篇文章很有帮助，但我仍然没有得到我的问题的正确答案.

The first post above is quite helpful, but I am still not obtaining the correct answer to my problem.

我的功能是:

Fd <- 224 * d1 + 84 * d2 + d1 * d2 - 2 * d1^2 - d2^2

我的约束是:3 * d1 + d2 = 280

首先我使用无约束穷举搜索找到正确答案，然后是有约束穷举搜索:

First I find the correct answer using an unconstrained exhaustive search followed by a constrained exhaustive search:

my.data <- expand.grid(x1 = seq(0, 200, 1), x2 = seq(0, 200, 1))
head(my.data)
dim(my.data)

d1     <- my.data[,1]
d2     <- my.data[,2]

Fd <- 224 * d1 + 84 * d2 + d1 * d2 - 2 * d1^2 - d2^2

new.data <- data.frame(Fd = Fd, d1 = d1, d2 = d2)
head(new.data)

# identify values of d1 and d2 that maximize Fd without the constraint
new.data[new.data$Fd == max(new.data$Fd),]
# **This is the correct answer**
#         Fd d1 d2
# 6157 11872 76 80


# Impose constraint
new.data <- new.data[(3 * new.data$d1 + new.data$d2) == 280, ]

# identify values of d1 and d2 that maximize Fd with the constraint
new.data[new.data$Fd == max(new.data$Fd),]
# **This is the correct answer**
#          Fd d1 d2
# 14743 11774 69 73

现在使用 optim 找到无约束最大值.这有效.

Now find unconstrained maxima using optim. This works.

    Fd <- function(betas) {

         b1 = betas[1]
         b2 = betas[2]

         (224 * b1 + 84 * b2 + b1 * b2 - 2 * b1^2 - b2^2)

    }

    # unconstrained
    optim(c(60, 100), Fd, control=list(fnscale=-1), method = "BFGS", hessian = TRUE)
    # $par
    # [1] 75.99999 79.99995

现在使用 constrOptim 查找约束最大值.这不起作用.

Now find constrained maxima using constrOptim. This does not work.

b1.lower.bound <- c(0, 280)
b1.upper.bound <- c(93.33333, 0)
b2.lower.bound <- c(93.33333, 0)
b2.upper.bound <- c(0, 280)

theta = c(60,100)                         # starting values
ui = rbind(c(280,0), c(0,93.33333))       # range of allowable values
theta %*% ui                              # obtain ci as -1 * theta %*% ui
#       [,1]     [,2]
# [1,] 16800 9333.333

constrOptim(c(60,100), Fd, NULL, ui = rbind(c(280,0), c(0,93.33333)), ci = c(-16800, -9333.333), control=list(fnscale=-1))
# $par
# [1] 75.99951 80.00798

我尝试过使用 ui 和 ci，但似乎无论我为它们使用什么值，我总是得到与无约束 优化.

I have tried playing around with ui and ci, but it seems like no matter what values I use for them I always get the same answer as with unconstrained optim.

感谢您的建议.

推荐答案

constrOptim() 使用线性不等式约束并通过ui %*定义可行域% 参数 - ci >= 0.如果约束是 3 * d1 + d2 <= 280，ui 是 c(-3, -1) 和 ci 是 -280.

constrOptim() uses linear inequality constraints and defines the feasible region by ui %*% param - ci >= 0. If the constraint is 3 * d1 + d2 <= 280, ui is c(-3, -1) and ci is -280.

Fd <- function(betas) {
    b1 = betas[1]
    b2 = betas[2]
   (224 * b1 + 84 * b2 + b1 * b2 - 2 * b1^2 - b2^2)
}

theta = c(59.999,100)    # because of needing " ui %*% inital_par - ci > 0 "
ui = c(-3, -1)
ci = -280                # those ui & ci mean " -3*par[1] + -1*par[2] + 280 >= 0 "

constrOptim(theta, Fd, NULL, ui = ui, ci = ci, control=list(fnscale=-1))
  # $par
  # [1] 69.00002 72.99993

如果你想要的不是不等式而是等式约束，最好使用 Rsolnp 或 alabama 包.他们可以使用不等式和/或等式约束(参见用于等式和不等式约束的约束优化库).

If you want not inequality but equality constraints, it would be better to use Rsolnp or alabama package. They can use inequality and/or equality constraints (see Constrained Optimization library for equality and inequality constraints).

library(Rsolnp); library(alabama); 

Fd2 <- function(betas) {     #  -1 * Fd
   b1 = betas[1]
   b2 = betas[2]
   -1 * (224 * b1 + 84 * b2 + b1 * b2 - 2 * b1^2 - b2^2)
}

eqFd <- function(betas) {  # the equality constraint
    b1 = betas[1]
    b2 = betas[2]
    (3 * b1 + b2 -280)
}

solnp(pars = c(60, 100), fun = Fd2, eqfun = eqFd, eqB = 0)
auglag(par = c(60, 100), fn = Fd2, heq = eqFd)

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