静态和动态编程语言之间的区别 [英] Difference between static and dynamic programming languages

问题描述

静态和动态编程语言有什么区别?我知道这完全与类型系统有关，但我正在寻找更明确的说明.

What is the different between static and dynamic programming languages? I know that it is all about type systems but I’m looking for more clear clarifications.

推荐答案

静态打字

静态类型意味着在运行程序之前已知类型并检查其正确性.这通常由语言的编译器完成.例如，以下 Java 方法会导致编译错误，在您运行程序之前:

public void foo() {
    int x = 5;
    boolean b = x;
}

动态打字

动态类型意味着只有在程序运行时才知道类型.例如，以下 Python(3，如果重要)脚本可以毫无问题地运行:

Dynamic Typing

Dynamic typing means that types are only known as your program is running. For example, the following Python (3, if it matters) script can be run without problems:

def erroneous():
    s = 'cat' - 1

print('hi!')

它确实会输出hi!.但是如果我们调用errors:

It will indeed output hi!. But if we call erroneous:

def erroneous():
    s = 'cat' - 1

erroneous()
print('hi!')

TypeError 将在 运行时 error 被调用.

A TypeError will be raised at run-time when erroneous is called.

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