是否可以创建只有外边框的 QMainWindow? [英] Is it possible to create QMainWindow with only outer border?
问题描述
我正在尝试重建屏幕记录 PyQt 应用程序，ScreenToGIF 对我来说是一个非常好的演示，它创建了一个界面，该界面只有边框并在中央小部件"中记录内容，如下所示:
I am trying to rebuild a screen record PyQt App, and the ScreenToGIF is a very good demo for me, it creates an interface which only has the border and record contents in the "Central Widgets", like this:
具有以下关键功能:
- 边框存在，可以通过鼠标拖动和调整大小
- 内部内容是透明的
- 鼠标点击可以穿透应用程序，并与其下方的其他应用程序进行交互.
但是，它是在 C# 中实现的(链接:https://github.com/NickeManarin/ScreenToGif)，我想知道是否可以在不学习 C# 专业知识的情况下制作类似的 PyQt 应用程序?
However, it is implemented in C# (link:https://github.com/NickeManarin/ScreenToGif), I am wondering whether it possible to make a similar PyQt App without learning to be expertise about C#?
把QMainWidgets的背景图片改成被覆盖的桌面区域是没有意义的，因为桌面上的鼠标操作(比如双击打开文件)应该被记录下来.鼠标事件可以穿透应用程序(比如Qt.WindowTransparentForInput应用于内部内容?)
Changing the background image of QMainWidgets to the desktop area been overlayed doesn't make sense, because mouse operation on desktop (such as double click to open files) should be recorded. Mouse event can penetrate the app (like Qt.WindowTransparentForInput applied for inner contents?)
推荐答案
你想要达到的目标需要设置一个 mask，允许您拥有一个具有特定形状"的小部件，而不必是矩形.
What you want to achieve requires setting a mask, allowing you to have a widget that has a specific "shape" that doesn't have to be a rectangle.
主要难点是理解窗口几何形状 工作，这可能很棘手.
您必须确保已经计算了窗口框架"(包括它的边距和标题栏 - 如果有的话)，然后找出内部矩形并相应地创建一个蒙版.请注意，在 Linux 上会发生这种情况一些时间"show() 被调用后；我认为您使用的是 Windows，但我已经以一种应该适用于 Linux、MacOS 和 Windows 的方式实现它.如果您确定您的程序只能在 Windows 上运行，请对此发表评论.
The main difficulty is to understand how window geometries work, which can be tricky.
You have to ensure that the window "frame" (which includes its margins and titlebar - if any) has been computed, then find out the inner rectangle and create a mask accordingly. Note that on Linux this happens "some time" after show() has been called; I think you're on Windows, but I've implemented it in a way that should work fine for both Linux, MacOS and Windows. There's a comment about that, if you're sure that your program will run on Windows only.
最后，我只能在 Linux、Wine 和虚拟化的 WinXP 环境上运行它.它应该在任何系统上都能正常工作，但是，根据我的经验，有一个特定的装饰性"错误:标题栏不是根据当前的 Windows 主题绘制的.我认为这是因为当应用蒙版时，底层的 Windows 系统不会像通常那样绘制它的样式化"窗口框架.如果在较新的系统中也发生这种情况，可能有一个解决方法，但这并不容易，我不能保证它会解决这个问题.
Finally, I've only been able to run this on Linux, Wine and a virtualized WinXP environment. It should work fine on any system, but, from my experience, there's a specific "cosmetic" bug: the title bar is not painted according to the current Windows theme. I think that this is due to the fact that whenever a mask is applied, the underlying windows system doesn't draw its "styled" window frame as it usually would. If this happens in newer systems also, there could be a workaround, but it's not easy, and I cannot guarantee that it would solve this issue.
注意:请记住，这种方法永远不允许您在抓取矩形"内绘制任何内容(没有阴影，也没有半透明的颜色遮罩)；这样做的原因是，您显然需要实现鼠标与小部件下方"的交互，而在其上进行绘制需要更改覆盖蒙版.
NB: remember that this approach will never allow you to draw anything inside the "grab rectangle" (no shade, nor semi-transparent color mask); the reason for this is that you obviously need to achieve mouse interaction with what is "beneath" the widget, and painting over it would require altering the overlaying mask.
from PyQt5 import QtCore, QtGui, QtWidgets
class VLine(QtWidgets.QFrame):
# a simple VLine, like the one you get from designer
def __init__(self):
super(VLine, self).__init__()
self.setFrameShape(self.VLine|self.Sunken)
class Grabber(QtWidgets.QWidget):
dirty = True
def __init__(self):
super(Grabber, self).__init__()
self.setWindowTitle('Screen grabber')
# ensure that the widget always stays on top, no matter what
self.setWindowFlags(self.windowFlags() | QtCore.Qt.WindowStaysOnTopHint)
layout = QtWidgets.QVBoxLayout()
self.setLayout(layout)
# limit widget AND layout margins
layout.setContentsMargins(0, 0, 0, 0)
self.setContentsMargins(0, 0, 0, 0)
layout.setSpacing(0)
# create a "placeholder" widget for the screen grab geometry
self.grabWidget = QtWidgets.QWidget()
self.grabWidget.setSizePolicy(QtWidgets.QSizePolicy.Expanding, QtWidgets.QSizePolicy.Expanding)
layout.addWidget(self.grabWidget)
# let's add a configuration panel
self.panel = QtWidgets.QWidget()
layout.addWidget(self.panel)
panelLayout = QtWidgets.QHBoxLayout()
self.panel.setLayout(panelLayout)
panelLayout.setContentsMargins(0, 0, 0, 0)
self.setContentsMargins(1, 1, 1, 1)
self.configButton = QtWidgets.QPushButton(self.style().standardIcon(QtWidgets.QStyle.SP_ComputerIcon), '')
self.configButton.setFlat(True)
panelLayout.addWidget(self.configButton)
panelLayout.addWidget(VLine())
self.fpsSpinBox = QtWidgets.QSpinBox()
panelLayout.addWidget(self.fpsSpinBox)
self.fpsSpinBox.setRange(1, 50)
self.fpsSpinBox.setValue(15)
panelLayout.addWidget(QtWidgets.QLabel('fps'))
panelLayout.addWidget(VLine())
self.widthLabel = QtWidgets.QLabel()
panelLayout.addWidget(self.widthLabel)
self.widthLabel.setFrameShape(QtWidgets.QLabel.StyledPanel|QtWidgets.QLabel.Sunken)
panelLayout.addWidget(QtWidgets.QLabel('x'))
self.heightLabel = QtWidgets.QLabel()
panelLayout.addWidget(self.heightLabel)
self.heightLabel.setFrameShape(QtWidgets.QLabel.StyledPanel|QtWidgets.QLabel.Sunken)
panelLayout.addWidget(QtWidgets.QLabel('px'))
panelLayout.addWidget(VLine())
self.recButton = QtWidgets.QPushButton('rec')
panelLayout.addWidget(self.recButton)
self.playButton = QtWidgets.QPushButton('play')
panelLayout.addWidget(self.playButton)
panelLayout.addStretch(1000)
def updateMask(self):
# get the *whole* window geometry, including its titlebar and borders
frameRect = self.frameGeometry()
# get the grabWidget geometry and remap it to global coordinates
grabGeometry = self.grabWidget.geometry()
grabGeometry.moveTopLeft(self.grabWidget.mapToGlobal(QtCore.QPoint(0, 0)))
# get the actual margins between the grabWidget and the window margins
left = frameRect.left() - grabGeometry.left()
top = frameRect.top() - grabGeometry.top()
right = frameRect.right() - grabGeometry.right()
bottom = frameRect.bottom() - grabGeometry.bottom()
# reset the geometries to get "0-point" rectangles for the mask
frameRect.moveTopLeft(QtCore.QPoint(0, 0))
grabGeometry.moveTopLeft(QtCore.QPoint(0, 0))
# create the base mask region, adjusted to the margins between the
# grabWidget and the window as computed above
region = QtGui.QRegion(frameRect.adjusted(left, top, right, bottom))
# "subtract" the grabWidget rectangle to get a mask that only contains
# the window titlebar, margins and panel
region -= QtGui.QRegion(grabGeometry)
self.setMask(region)
# update the grab size according to grabWidget geometry
self.widthLabel.setText(str(self.grabWidget.width()))
self.heightLabel.setText(str(self.grabWidget.height()))
def resizeEvent(self, event):
super(Grabber, self).resizeEvent(event)
# the first resizeEvent is called *before* any first-time showEvent and
# paintEvent, there's no need to update the mask until then; see below
if not self.dirty:
self.updateMask()
def paintEvent(self, event):
super(Grabber, self).paintEvent(event)
# on Linux the frameGeometry is actually updated "sometime" after show()
# is called; on Windows and MacOS it *should* happen as soon as the first
# non-spontaneous showEvent is called (programmatically called: showEvent
# is also called whenever a window is restored after it has been
# minimized); we can assume that all that has already happened as soon as
# the first paintEvent is called; before then the window is flagged as
# "dirty", meaning that there's no need to update its mask yet.
# Once paintEvent has been called the first time, the geometries should
# have been already updated, we can mark the geometries "clean" and then
# actually apply the mask.
if self.dirty:
self.updateMask()
self.dirty = False
if __name__ == '__main__':
import sys
app = QtWidgets.QApplication(sys.argv)
grabber = Grabber()
grabber.show()
sys.exit(app.exec_())
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