无法读取没有错误/错误的串行数据 [英] Unable to read serial data without errors/bugs
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问题描述
我正在编写一个基于 tkinter 的小应用程序，以便从我的 arduino 读取串行数据.arduino，当它收到一个串行文本(rf)时，它会开始向电脑发送数据.
I am writing a small application based on tkinter in order to read serial data from my arduino.
The arduino, when it receives a serial text (rf), it will begin sending data to the pc.
以下是可疑代码:
def readSerial():
ser_bytes = ser.readline()
ser_bytes = ser_bytes.decode("utf-8")
text.insert("end", ser_bytes)
after_id=root.after(100,readSerial)
#root.after(100,readSerial)
def measure_all():
global stop_
stop_ = False
ser.write("rf".encode()) #Send string 'rf to arduino', which means Measure all Sensors
readSerial() #Start Reading data
现在这不起作用.程序冻结，终端上没有显示任何信息.
Now this does not work. The program freezes, and no info is revealed on the terminal.
当我将行 after_id=root.after(100,readSerial) 更改为 root.after(100,readSerial) 时，程序可以运行，但只有当我接收串行输入.
When i change the line after_id=root.after(100,readSerial) to root.after(100,readSerial) then the program works, but only when i receive serial input.
例如，如果 arduino 发送串行时有 5 秒的延迟，则程序将冻结，直到它接收到数据.更具体地说，如果程序被最小化，并且我选择正常查看它，除非它收到来自 arduino 的输入(它将正常显示)，否则它不会响应.
For example, if there is a 5 second delay to when arduino sends serial, then the program will freeze, until it receives the data. More specificallly, if the program is minimized, and i select to view it as normal, it will not respond unless it receives input from arduino (which will display normally).
所以即使是现在，它仍然不能正常工作.
So even now, it still does not work properly.
但也要记住，我需要有 after_id 行，这样我才能有一个句柄，这样我就可以终止 readSerial() 函数(例如，当用户按下停止测量"按钮时).
But also have in mind, that i need to have the after_id line, so that i can have a handle, so that i can terminate the readSerial() function (for example when the user presses the 'stop measurement' button).
有人可以理解发生了什么，以及我如何拥有 after_id 行为(这样我可以稍后停止连续函数)，同时让程序正常运行，而不会崩溃或卡住直到它接收数据?
Can someone understand what is going on, and how i can have the after_id behaviour (so i can stop the continuous function later), while having the program behaving normal, without crashing or stuck until it receives data?
这是根据用户的 acw1668 建议修改后的代码.这不起作用.我在 tkinter 的文本框上什么也没看到.
This is the modified code after user's acw1668 suggestions. This does not work. I see nothing on the text frame of tkinter.
import tkinter as tk
import tkinter.ttk as ttk
import serial.tools.list_ports #for a list of all the COM ports
from tkinter import scrolledtext
import threading
import time
from queue import SimpleQueue
#to be used on our canvas
HEIGHT = 800
WIDTH = 800
#hardcoded baud rate
baudRate = 9600
# this is the global variable that will hold the serial object value
ser = None #initial value. will change at 'on_select()'
after_id = None
#this is the global variable that will hold the value from the dropdown for the sensor select
dropdown_value = None
# create the queue for holding serial data
queue = SimpleQueue()
# flag use to start/stop thread tasks
stop_flag = None
# --- functions ---
#the following two functtions are for the seria port selection, on frame 1
#this function populates the combobox on frame1, with all the serial ports of the system
def serial_ports():
return serial.tools.list_ports.comports()
#when the user selects one serial port from the combobox, this function will execute
def on_select(event=None):
global ser
COMPort = cb.get()
string_separator = "-"
COMPort = COMPort.split(string_separator, 1)[0] #remove everything after '-' character
COMPort = COMPort[:-1] #remove last character of the string (which is a space)
ser = serial.Serial(port = COMPort, baudrate=9600, timeout=0.1)
#readSerial() #start reading shit. DELETE. later to be placed in a button
# get selection from event
#print("event.widget:", event.widget.get())
# or get selection directly from combobox
#print("comboboxes: ", cb.get())
#ser = Serial(serialPort , baudRate, timeout=0, writeTimeout=0) #ensure non-blocking
def readSerial(queue):
global stop_flag
if stop_flag:
print("Reading task is already running")
else:
print("started")
stop_flag = threading.Event()
while not stop_flag.is_set():
if ser.in_waiting:
try:
ser_bytes = ser.readline()
data = ser_bytes.decode("utf-8")
queue.put(data)
except UnicodeExceptionError:
print("Unicode Error")
else:
time.sleep(0.1)
print("stopped")
stop_flag = None
# function to monitor whether data is in the queue
# if there is data, get it and insert into the text box
def data_monitor(queue):
if not queue.empty():
text.insert("end", f"{queue.get()}\n")
if vsb.get()[1]==1.0: #if the scrollbar is down to the bottom, then autoscroll
text.see("end")
root.after(100, data_monitor, queue)
# this function is triggered, when a value is selected from the dropdown
def dropdown_selection(*args):
global dropdown_value
dropdown_value = clicked.get()
button_single['state'] = 'normal' #when a selection from the dropdown happens, change the state of the 'Measure This Sensor' button to normal
# this function is triggered, when button 'Measure all Sensors' is pressed, on frame 2
def measure_all():
button_stop['state']='normal' #make the 'Stop Measurement' button accessible
ser.write("rf".encode()) #Send string 'rf to arduino', which means Measure all Sensors
sleep(0.05) # 50 milliseconds
threading.Thread(target=readSerial, args=(queue,)).start()
# this function is triggered, when button 'Measure this Sensor' is pressed, on frame 2
def measure_single():
global stop_
stop_=False
button_stop['state']='normal'
ser.write(dropdown_value.encode()) #Send string 'rf to arduino', which means Measure all Sensors!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
readSerial()
# this function is triggered, when button 'STOP measurement(s)' is pressed, on frame 2
def stop_measurement():
button_stop['state']='disabled'
ser.write("c".encode())
if stop_flag:
stop_flag.set()
else:
print("Reading task is not running")
# --- functions ---
# --- main ---
root = tk.Tk() #here we create our tkinter window
root.title("Sensor Interface")
#we use canvas as a placeholder, to get our initial screen size (we have defined HEIGHT and WIDTH)
canvas = tk.Canvas(root, height=HEIGHT, width=WIDTH)
canvas.pack()
#we use frames to organize all the widgets in the screen
'''
relheight, relwidth − Height and width as a float between 0.0 and 1.0, as a fraction of the height and width of the parent widget.
relx, rely − Horizontal and vertical offset as a float between 0.0 and 1.0, as a fraction of the height and width of the parent widget.
'''
# --- frame 1 ---
frame1 = tk.Frame(root)
frame1.place(relx=0, rely=0.05, relheight=0.03, relwidth=1, anchor='nw') #we use relheight and relwidth to fill whatever the parent is - in this case- root
label0 = tk.Label(frame1, text="Select the COM port that the device is plugged in: ")
label0.config(font=("TkDefaultFont", 8))
label0.place(relx = 0.1, rely=0.3, relwidth=0.3, relheight=0.5)
cb = ttk.Combobox(frame1, values=serial_ports())
cb.place(relx=0.5, rely=0.5, anchor='center')
# assign function to combobox, that will run when an item is selected from the dropdown
cb.bind('<<ComboboxSelected>>', on_select)
# --- frame 1 ---
# --- frame 2 ---
frame2 = tk.Frame(root, bd=5) #REMOVED THIS bg='#80c1ff' (i used it to see the borders of the frame)
frame2.place(relx=0, rely=0.1, relheight=0.07, relwidth=1, anchor='nw')
#Button for 'Measure All Sensors'
#it will be enabled initially
button_all = tk.Button(frame2, text="Measure all Sensors", bg='#80c1ff', fg='red', state='normal', command=measure_all) #bg='gray'
button_all.place(relx=0.2, rely=0.5, anchor='center')
#label
label1 = tk.Label(frame2, text="OR, select a single sensor to measure: ")
label1.config(font=("TkDefaultFont", 9))
label1.place(relx = 0.32, rely=0.3, relwidth=0.3, relheight=0.4)
#dropdown
#OPTIONS = [0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7]
OPTIONS = list(range(8)) #[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7]
clicked = tk.StringVar(master=frame2) # Always pass the `master` keyword argument, in order to run the function when we select from the dropdown
clicked.set(OPTIONS[0]) # default value
clicked.trace("w", dropdown_selection) #When a value from the dropdown is selected, function dropdown_selection() is executed
drop = tk.OptionMenu(frame2, clicked, *OPTIONS)
drop.place(relx = 0.65, rely=0.25, relwidth=0.08, relheight=0.6)
#Button for 'Measure Single Sensor'
#this will be disabled initially, and will be enabled when an item from the dropdown is selected
button_single = tk.Button(frame2, text="Measure this Sensor", bg='#80c1ff', fg='red', state='disabled', command=measure_single) #bg='gray'
button_single.place(relx = 0.85, rely=0.5, anchor='center')
# --- frame 2 ---
# --- frame 3 ---
frame3 = tk.Frame(root, bd=5) #REMOVED THIS bg='#80c1ff' (i used it to see the borders of the frame)
frame3.place(relx=0, rely=0.2, relheight=0.07, relwidth=1, anchor='nw')
#Button for 'STOP Measurement(s)'
#this will be disabled initially, and will be enabled only when a measurement is ongoing
button_stop = tk.Button(frame3, text="STOP measurement(s)", bg='#80c1ff', fg='red', state='disabled', command=stop_measurement)
button_stop.place(relx=0.5, rely=0.5, anchor='center')
# --- frame 3 ---
# --- frame 4 ---
frame4 = tk.Frame(root, bd=5)
frame4.place(relx=0, rely=0.3, relheight=0.09, relwidth=1, anchor='nw')
label2 = tk.Label(frame4, text="Select a sensor to plot data: ")
label2.place(relx = 0.1, rely=0.3, relwidth=0.3, relheight=0.5)
clickedForPlotting = tk.StringVar()
clickedForPlotting.set(OPTIONS[0]) # default value
dropPlot = tk.OptionMenu(frame4, clickedForPlotting, *OPTIONS)
dropPlot.place(relx=0.5, rely=0.5, anchor='center')
#CHANGE LATER
#dropDownButton = tk.Button(frame4, text="Plot sensor data", bg='#80c1ff', fg='red', command=single_Sensor) #bg='gray'
#dropDownButton.place(relx = 0.85, rely=0.5, anchor='center')
# --- frame 4 ---
#frame 5 will be the save to txt file
#frame 6 will be the area with the text field
# --- frame 6 ---
frame6 = tk.Frame(root, bg='#80c1ff') #remove color later
frame6.place(relx=0.0, rely=0.4, relheight=1, relwidth=1, anchor='nw')
text_frame=tk.Frame(frame6)
text_frame.place(relx=0, rely=0, relheight=0.6, relwidth=1, anchor='nw')
text=tk.Text(text_frame)
text.place(relx=0, rely=0, relheight=1, relwidth=1, anchor='nw')
vsb=tk.Scrollbar(text_frame)
vsb.pack(side='right',fill='y')
text.config(yscrollcommand=vsb.set)
vsb.config(command=text.yview)
# --- frame 6 ---
# start data monitor task
data_monitor(queue)
root.mainloop() #here we run our app
# --- main ---
推荐答案
为了不阻塞主 tkinter 应用程序，建议使用线程来运行串行读取.也可以使用queue.SimpleQueue 将串口数据传输到主任务，以便将串口数据插入Text 小部件中.
In order to not blocking the main tkinter application, it is recommended to use thread to run the serial reading. Also use queue.SimpleQueue to transfer the serial data to main task so that the serial data can be inserted into the Text widget.
下面是一个例子:
import threading
import time
from queue import SimpleQueue
import tkinter as tk
import serial
class SerialReader(threading.Thread):
def __init__(self, ser, queue, *args, **kw):
super().__init__(*args, **kw)
self.ser = ser
self.queue = queue
self._stop_flag = threading.Event()
def run(self):
print("started")
while not self._stop_flag.is_set():
if self.ser.in_waiting:
ser_bytes = self.ser.readline()
data = ser_bytes.decode("utf-8")
self.queue.put(data)
else:
time.sleep(0.1)
print("stopped")
def terminate(self):
self._stop_flag.set()
# create the serial instance
ser = serial.Serial(port="COM1") # provide other parameters as well
# create the queue for holding serial data
queue = SimpleQueue()
# the serial reader task
reader = None
def start_reader():
global reader
if reader is None:
# create the serial reader task
reader = SerialReader(ser, queue, daemon=True)
if not reader.is_alive():
# start the serial reader task
reader.start()
else:
print("Reader is already running")
def stop_reader():
global reader
if reader and reader.is_alive():
# stop the serial reader task
reader.terminate()
reader = None
else:
print("Reader is not running")
# function to monitor whether data is in the queue
# if there is data, get it and insert into the text box
def data_monitor(queue):
if not queue.empty():
text.insert("end", f"{queue.get()}\n")
root.after(100, data_monitor, queue)
root = tk.Tk()
text = tk.Text(root, width=80, height=20)
text.pack()
frame = tk.Frame(root)
tk.Button(frame, text="Start", command=start_reader).pack(side="left")
tk.Button(frame, text="Stop", command=stop_reader).pack(side="left")
frame.pack()
# start data monitor task
data_monitor(queue)
root.mainloop()
Update@2021-04-16:不使用类的示例
Update@2021-04-16: Example without using class
import threading
import time
from queue import SimpleQueue
import tkinter as tk
import serial
# create the serial instance
ser = serial.Serial(port="COM1") # provide other parameters as well
# create the queue for holding serial data
queue = SimpleQueue()
# flag use to start/stop thread tasks
stop_flag = None
def readSerial(queue):
global stop_flag
if stop_flag:
print("Reading task is already running")
else:
print("started")
stop_flag = threading.Event()
while not stop_flag.is_set():
if ser.in_waiting:
ser_bytes = ser.readline()
data = ser_bytes.decode("utf-8")
queue.put(data)
else:
time.sleep(0.1)
print("stopped")
stop_flag = None
def start_reader():
threading.Thread(target=readSerial, args=(queue,)).start()
def stop_reader():
if stop_flag:
stop_flag.set()
else:
print("Reading task is not running")
# function to monitor whether data is in the queue
# if there is data, get it and insert into the text box
def data_monitor(queue):
if not queue.empty():
text.insert("end", f"{queue.get()}\n")
root.after(100, data_monitor, queue)
root = tk.Tk()
text = tk.Text(root, width=80, height=20)
text.pack()
frame = tk.Frame(root)
tk.Button(frame, text="Start", command=start_reader).pack(side="left")
tk.Button(frame, text="Stop", command=stop_reader).pack(side="left")
frame.pack()
# start data monitor task
data_monitor(queue)
root.mainloop()
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