如何将“结构"转换为“&[u8]"? [英] How to convert 'struct' to '&[u8]'?

问题描述

我想通过 TcpStream 发送我的结构.我可以发送 String 或 u8，但我不能发送任意结构.例如:

I want to send my struct via a TcpStream. I could send String or u8, but I can not send an arbitrary struct. For example:

struct MyStruct {
    id: u8,
    data: [u8; 1024],
}

let my_struct = MyStruct { id: 0, data: [1; 1024] };
let bytes: &[u8] = convert_struct(my_struct); // how??
tcp_stream.write(bytes);

收到数据后，我想将&[u8] 转换回MyStruct.如何在这两种表示之间进行转换?

After receiving the data, I want to convert &[u8] back to MyStruct. How can I convert between these two representations?

我知道 Rust 有一个用于序列化数据的 JSON 模块，但我不想使用 JSON，因为我想发送数据尽可能快和小，所以我想没有或非常小的开销.

I know Rust has a JSON module for serializing data, but I don't want to use JSON because I want to send data as fast and small as possible, so I want to no or very small overhead.

推荐答案

(无耻地窃取并改编自 Renato Zannon 对类似问题的评论)

(Shamelessly stolen and adapted from Renato Zannon's comment on a similar question)

也许像 bincode 这样的解决方案适合您的情况?这是一个工作摘录:

Perhaps a solution like bincode would suit your case? Here's a working excerpt:

Cargo.toml

[package]
name = "foo"
version = "0.1.0"
authors = ["An Devloper <[e-mail]>"]
edition = "2018"

[dependencies]
bincode = "1.0"
serde = { version = "1.0", features = ["derive"] }

ma​​in.rs

use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
use std::fs::File;

#[derive(Serialize, Deserialize)]
struct A {
    id: i8,
    key: i16,
    name: String,
    values: Vec<String>,
}

fn main() {
    let a = A {
        id: 42,
        key: 1337,
        name: "Hello world".to_string(),
        values: vec!["alpha".to_string(), "beta".to_string()],
    };

    // Encode to something implementing `Write`
    let mut f = File::create("/tmp/output.bin").unwrap();
    bincode::serialize_into(&mut f, &a).unwrap();

    // Or just to a buffer
    let bytes = bincode::serialize(&a).unwrap();
    println!("{:?}", bytes);
}

然后您就可以将字节发送到任何您想要的地方.我假设您已经意识到天真地发送字节的问题(例如潜在的字节顺序问题或版本控制)，但我会提及它们以防万一^_^.

You would then be able to send the bytes wherever you want. I assume you are already aware of the issues with naively sending bytes around (like potential endianness issues or versioning), but I'll mention them just in case ^_^.

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