如何向使用 tkinter 制作的窗口添加滚动条 [英] How to add a scrollbar to window made with tkinter

问题描述

一个简单的问答游戏

我得到了这个代码，我需要滚动条，我试图搜索如何将它添加到 stackoverflow(带有 tix 的 ScrolledWindow...)，但我仍然无法得到一些可以正常工作的东西.有人可以帮我吗?

from tkinter import *来自随机导入 randint根 = Tk()root.title("测验")root.geometry("400x300")类窗口:def __init__(self, question, answer):self.text = [问题，答案]self.createLabel()# self.createText()self.createEntry()self.createButton()defretrieve_input(self):# inputValue = self.textBox.get("1.0", "end-1c")# 打印(输入值)如果 self.mystring.get() == self.text[1]:print("Esatto.è" + self.text[1])self.left['text'] = "Esatto"def createLabel(self):self.labelframe = LabelFrame(root, text="Domanda:")self.labelframe.pack(fill="both", expand="yes")self.left = Label(self.labelframe, text=self.text[0])self.left.pack()def createText(self):self.textBox = 文字(高度=1)self.textBox.pack()def createEntry(self):self.mystring = StringVar()self.myentry = Entry(root, textvariable=self.mystring).pack()def createButton(self):self.but = Button(text="Click", command=self.retrieve_input)self.but.pack()对于范围内的我(10):一 = randint(1, 10)二 = randint(1, 10)Window("Quanto fa " + str(one) + "+" + str(two) + "?", str(one + two))root.mainloop()

<块引用>

输出

解决方案

使用 ScrolledFrame 可以这样

• 我将 Window 重命名为 Question 因为它更有意义
• 我使用 self.question 和 self.answer 而不是 self.text = [question, answer] 使其更具可读性.
• 我将类和函数放在 root = tk.Tk() 之前，以使其更具可读性.
• 我使用 import tkinter as tk 而不是 from tkinter import * 使其更具可读性.

Question 从 ScrolledFrame 获取内部框架并用作 LabelFrame 的父级.其他小部件使用 labelframe 作为父级.

顺便说一句:你有 entry = Entry(..).pack() 将 None 分配给 entry 因为 pack()/grid()/place() 返回 None.我把 pack() 放在下一行，现在我可以直接从 Entry 获取文本(没有 StringVar)

代码

导入 tkinter 作为 tk来自随机导入 randint# --- 类 ---类 ScrolledFrame(tk.Frame):def __init__(自我，父母，垂直=真，水平=假):super().__init__(parent)# 内框的画布self._canvas = tk.Canvas(self)self._canvas.grid(row=0, column=0,sticky='news') # 改变# 创建右侧滚动条并连接到画布 Yself._vertical_bar = tk.Scrollbar(self, orient='vertical', command=self._canvas.yview)如果垂直:self._vertical_bar.grid(row=0, column=1,sticky='ns')self._canvas.configure(yscrollcommand=self._vertical_bar.set)# 创建底部滚动条并连接到画布 Xself._horizo​​ntal_bar = tk.Scrollbar(self, orient='horizo​​ntal', command=self._canvas.xview)如果水平:self._horizo​​ntal_bar.grid(row=1, column=0,sticky='we')self._canvas.configure(xscrollcommand=self._horizo​​ntal_bar.set)# 小部件的内部框架self.inner = tk.Frame(self._canvas, bg='red')self._window = self._canvas.create_window((0, 0), window=self.inner, anchor='nw')# 自动调整内部框架的大小self.columnconfigure(0, weight=1) # 改变了self.rowconfigure(0, weight=1) # 改变了# 当配置改变时调整大小self.inner.bind('', self.resize)self._canvas.bind('', self.frame_width)def frame_width(self, event):# 将内框调整为画布大小canvas_width = event.widthself._canvas.itemconfig(self._window, width = canvas_width)定义调整大小(自我，事件=无):self._canvas.configure(scrollregion=self._canvas.bbox('all'))课堂问题:def __init__(self, parent, question, answer):self.parent = 父母self.question = 问题self.answer = 答案self.create_widgets()def get_input(self):值 = self.entry.get()打印('值:'，值)如果值 == self.answer:print("Esatto.è" + self.answer)self.label['text'] = "Esatto"def create_widgets(self):self.labelframe = tk.LabelFrame(self.parent, text="Domanda:")self.labelframe.pack(fill="both", expand=True)self.label = tk.Label(self.labelframe, text=self.question)self.label.pack(expand=True, fill='both')self.entry = tk.Entry(self.labelframe)self.entry.pack()self.button = tk.Button(self.labelframe, text="Click", command=self.get_input)self.button.pack()#  - - 主要的  - -根 = tk.Tk()root.title("测验")root.geometry("400x300")窗口 = 滚动框架(根)window.pack(expand=True, fill='both')对于范围内的我(10):一 = randint(1, 10)二 = randint(1, 10)Question(window.inner, "Quanto fa {} + {} ?".format(one, two), str(one + two))root.mainloop()

A simple quiz game

I got this code and I need scrollbars, I tried to search how to add it on stackoverflow (ScrolledWindow with tix...) but I still can't get something that works properly. Could someone help me?

from tkinter import *
from random import randint

root = Tk()
root.title("Quiz")
root.geometry("400x300")


class Window:

    def __init__(self, question, answer):
        self.text = [question, answer]
        self.createLabel()
        # self.createText()
        self.createEntry()
        self.createButton()

    def retrieve_input(self):
        # inputValue = self.textBox.get("1.0", "end-1c")
        # print(inputValue)
        if self.mystring.get() == self.text[1]:
            print("Esatto. è " + self.text[1])
            self.left['text'] = "Esatto"

    def createLabel(self):
        self.labelframe = LabelFrame(root, text="Domanda:")
        self.labelframe.pack(fill="both", expand="yes")
        self.left = Label(self.labelframe, text=self.text[0])
        self.left.pack()

    def createText(self):
        self.textBox = Text(height=1)
        self.textBox.pack()

    def createEntry(self):
        self.mystring = StringVar()
        self.myentry = Entry(root, textvariable=self.mystring).pack()

    def createButton(self):
        self.but = Button(text="Click", command=self.retrieve_input)
        self.but.pack()


for i in range(10):
    one = randint(1, 10)
    two = randint(1, 10)
    Window("Quanto fa " + str(one) + "+" + str(two) + "?", str(one + two))

root.mainloop()

output

解决方案

With ScrolledFrame it can look like this

• I renamed Window into Question because it makes more sense
• I use self.question and self.answer instead of self.text = [question, answer] to make it more readable.
• I put classes and functions before root = tk.Tk() to make it more readable.
• I use import tkinter as tk instead of from tkinter import * to make it more readable.

Question gets inner frame from ScrolledFrame and use as parent for LabelFrame. Other widgets use labelframe as parent.

BTW: you had entry = Entry(..).pack() which assign None to entry because pack()/grid()/place() returns None. I put pack() in next line and now I can get text directly from Entry (without StringVar)

Code

import tkinter as tk
from random import randint

# --- classes ---

class ScrolledFrame(tk.Frame):

    def __init__(self, parent, vertical=True, horizontal=False):
        super().__init__(parent)

        # canvas for inner frame
        self._canvas = tk.Canvas(self)
        self._canvas.grid(row=0, column=0, sticky='news') # changed

        # create right scrollbar and connect to canvas Y
        self._vertical_bar = tk.Scrollbar(self, orient='vertical', command=self._canvas.yview)
        if vertical:
            self._vertical_bar.grid(row=0, column=1, sticky='ns')
        self._canvas.configure(yscrollcommand=self._vertical_bar.set)

        # create bottom scrollbar and connect to canvas X
        self._horizontal_bar = tk.Scrollbar(self, orient='horizontal', command=self._canvas.xview)
        if horizontal:
            self._horizontal_bar.grid(row=1, column=0, sticky='we')
        self._canvas.configure(xscrollcommand=self._horizontal_bar.set)

        # inner frame for widgets
        self.inner = tk.Frame(self._canvas, bg='red')
        self._window = self._canvas.create_window((0, 0), window=self.inner, anchor='nw')

        # autoresize inner frame
        self.columnconfigure(0, weight=1) # changed
        self.rowconfigure(0, weight=1) # changed

        # resize when configure changed
        self.inner.bind('<Configure>', self.resize)
        self._canvas.bind('<Configure>', self.frame_width)

    def frame_width(self, event):
        # resize inner frame to canvas size
        canvas_width = event.width
        self._canvas.itemconfig(self._window, width = canvas_width)

    def resize(self, event=None): 
        self._canvas.configure(scrollregion=self._canvas.bbox('all'))

class Question:

    def __init__(self, parent, question, answer):
        self.parent = parent
        self.question = question
        self.answer = answer
        self.create_widgets()

    def get_input(self):
        value = self.entry.get()
        print('value:', value)
        if value == self.answer:
            print("Esatto. è " + self.answer)
            self.label['text'] = "Esatto"

    def create_widgets(self):
        self.labelframe = tk.LabelFrame(self.parent, text="Domanda:")
        self.labelframe.pack(fill="both", expand=True)

        self.label = tk.Label(self.labelframe, text=self.question)
        self.label.pack(expand=True, fill='both')

        self.entry = tk.Entry(self.labelframe)
        self.entry.pack()

        self.button = tk.Button(self.labelframe, text="Click", command=self.get_input)
        self.button.pack()

# --- main ---

root = tk.Tk()
root.title("Quiz")
root.geometry("400x300")

window = ScrolledFrame(root)
window.pack(expand=True, fill='both')

for i in range(10):
    one = randint(1, 10)
    two = randint(1, 10)
    Question(window.inner, "Quanto fa {} + {} ?".format(one, two), str(one + two))

root.mainloop()

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